"This book began as a panel for the International Political Science Association conference, which should have taken place in Lisbon in July 2020. After the conference was cancelled and travel rendered impossible by the Covid-19 pandemic, the panel was transformed into an on-line workshop, growing in numbers and ambition. Ultimately, the workshop included approximately a dozen participants and took place over three days in July and September 2020 ... This book is the fruit of these discussions" --ECIP Acknowledgements.