I. Reading and writing -- Independent reading -- Literary conversations -- Graphic organizers -- Vocabulary -- Activating prior knowledge -- Sequencing -- Clozes -- Language experience approach (LEA) -- Jigsaw -- Reading comprehension -- Inductive learning -- Concept attainment -- Plus! -- Sentence navigators and sentence builders -- Writing frames and writing structures -- Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing -- Cooperative writing -- Using photos or other images in reading and writing -- Writer's notebook -- Error correction strategies -- Problem-posing -- Micro-progressions -- Learning games for reading and writing -- II. Speaking and listening -- Dictation -- Conversation practice -- Total Physical Response (TPR) -- Music -- Using photos or other images in speaking and listening -- Video -- Oral presentations -- Listening -- Debate -- Learning games for speaking and listening -- Additional key strategies -- Differentiation for ELLs in mainstream classes -- Supporting ELL students with interrupted formal education (SIFEs) -- Culturally responsive teaching -- Peer teaching and learning -- Co-teaching -- Working with parents and guardians -- Learning stations -- Beginning the school year -- Ending the school year -- Beginning and ending of class -- Textbooks -- Using technology -- Appendix: English language arts standards -- Anchor standards.