Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART ONE: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Formulation -- Chapter 1 What Is a Psychodynamic Formulation? -- What is a formulation? -- What makes a formulation psychodynamic? -- Unconscious vs. implicit -- A developmental process throughout life -- Biological, psychological, and social -- More than reporting -- Different kinds of psychodynamic formulations -- Not a static process -- Formulating psychodynamically is ultimately a way of thinking -- References -- Chapter 2 How Do We Create a Psychodynamic Formulation? -- The three basic steps to creating a psychodynamic formulation -- Co-creating formulations-it takes two -- Chapter 3 How do We Use Psychodynamic Formulations? -- Formulation is our map -- Using a psychodynamic formulation in treatment -- Reference -- Chapter 4 Psychodynamic Formulation and Bias -- The historical context -- Theoretical bias -- The broad impact of the environment -- The humility of formulating -- References -- Chapter 5 Who We Are Affects Our Formulations -- Every therapeutic pair is unique -- How to be aware of the way that our similarities to and differences from our patients affects formulation -- References -- PART TWO: Describe -- Chapter 6 Self -- Defining the area: self -- Variables for describing patterns related to the self -- Learning about patterns related to the self: opening questions, then stories -- Describing self-experience -- Variables for describing the SELF -- References -- Chapter 7 Relationships -- Defining the area: relationships -- Variables for describing patterns related to relationships -- Learning about relationships: opening questions, then stories -- Describing relationships -- Variables for describing RELATIONSHIPS -- References -- Chapter 8 Adapting -- Defining the area: adapting.

Adapting and early life stress -- Modes of adapting and cultural norms -- Variables for describing patterns of adapting -- Learning about adapting: opening questions, then stories -- Describing adapting -- Variables for describing ADAPTING -- References -- Chapter 9 Cognition -- Defining the area: cognition -- Variables for describing cognition -- Learning about cognition: opening questions, then stories -- Describing patterns related to cognition -- References -- Chapter 10 Values -- Defining the area: values -- Variables for describing values -- Values and cultural context -- Learning about values: opening questions, then stories -- Describing VALUES -- Variables for describing VALUES -- References -- Chapter 11 Work and Play -- Defining the area: work and play -- Variables for describing work and play -- Describing work and play patterns -- Variables for describing WORK AND PLAY -- References -- Putting It Together-DESCRIBE Problems and Patterns -- Presentation -- DESCRIBE -- PART THREE: Review -- Chapter 12 What We're Born With -- Heredity: genetics, and epigenetics -- Nature and nurture-a two-way street -- Transgenerational transmission of trauma -- Resilience -- Adult problems and patterns that suggest a prenatal origin -- Learning about the life story of the prenatal period -- Learning about the life story from adults who do not know their biological parents -- References -- Chapter 13 The Earliest Years -- Connecting to the primary caregiver -- "Good Enough" parenting -- What develops during the earliest years? -- Adult problems and patterns that suggest origins in the earliest years -- Learning about the life story of the earliest years -- References -- Chapter 14 Middle Childhood -- What develops during middle childhood? -- Adult problems and patterns that suggest origins in middle childhood.

Learning about the life story of middle childhood -- What was the quality of the relationships with the primary caregivers during this period? -- Beyond middle childhood -- References -- 15 15 Later Childhood -- Development beyond the early years -- Development during later childhood (ages 6-12) -- Adult problems and patterns that suggest origins in later childhood -- Learning about the life story of later childhood -- References -- Chapter 16 Adolescence -- What develops during adolescence? -- Adult problems and patterns that suggest origins in adolescence -- Learning about the life story of adolescence -- References -- Chapter 17 Adulthood -- A new place in the world -- Intimate relationships and sexuality -- Self and identity development-the challenge of being marginalized -- Middle and later adulthood -- Adult problems and patterns that suggest origins in young adulthood -- Remembering the whole life story -- References -- Putting It Together-REVIEW a Life Story -- Presentation -- PART FOUR: LINK -- Chapter 18 Trauma -- What is trauma? -- Basic ideas about how trauma can affect development -- Linking problems and patterns to the impact of trauma -- A sample formulation-linking to trauma -- References -- Chapter 19 Early Cognitive and Emotional Difficulties -- Why talk about difficulties rather than disorders? -- Basics related to the impact of cognitive and emotional difficulties on development -- Parental response and access to care -- Linking problems and patterns to the impact of early cognitive and emotional difficulties -- Personal or family history of cognitive and/or emotional difficulties -- People with early cognitive and emotional difficulties are often disadvantaged by structural discrimination -- A sample formulation-linking to the impact of early cognitive and emotional difficulties -- References.

Chapter 20 The Effects of Culture and Society -- Basics of psychodynamics and the ecological systems model -- The hierarchies of society -- Basic ideas about how culture and society affects psychological development throughout life -- Linking problems and patterns to the effects of culture and society -- A sample formulation-linking to the effects of culture and society -- Linking to the effects of culture and society guides treatment -- References -- Chapter 21 Conflict and Defense -- Conflict and compromise -- Basics of ego psychology -- Linking problems and patterns to conflict and defense -- A sample formulation-linking to conflict and defense -- Linking to unconscious conflict and defense guides treatment -- References -- Chapter 22 Relationships with Others -- Basics of models about relationships -- Relationship patterns are multidimensional -- Linking problems and patterns to relationships with others -- A sample formulation-linking to relationships with others -- Linking to relationships with others guides treatment -- References -- Chapter 23 The Development of the Self -- Cultural variations in ideas about the self -- Basics of models related to self-development -- Linking problems and patterns to the development of the self -- A sample formulation-linking to the development of the self -- Linking to the development of the self guides treatment -- References -- Chapter 24 Attachment -- Basics of attachment theory -- Family and attachment styles -- Social factors that can affect attachment styles -- Linking problems and patterns to attachment styles -- A sample formulation-linking to attachment -- Linking to attachment styles guides treatment -- Developing a more secure attachment style -- References -- Putting It Together-LINK to Collaboratively Create Psychodynamic Formulations -- Presentation -- DESCRIBE -- REVIEW -- LINK -- Presentation.

DESCRIBE -- REVIEW -- LINK -- PART FIVE: Psychodynamic Formulations in Clinical Practice -- Chapter 25 Psychodynamic Formulations in Acute Care Settings -- Psychodynamic formulations help in all settings -- Challenges of psychodynamic formulation in the acute care setting -- References -- Chapter 26 Psychodynamic Formulations in Pharmacologic Treatment -- A psychodynamic formulation helps guide pharmacologic treatment -- Gathering information for a targeted formulation in pharmacologic treatment -- Constructing a psychodynamic formulation in a psychopharmacologic treatment -- References -- Chapter 27 Psychodynamic Formulations in Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy -- Formulations change over time -- Initial presentation -- Initial psychodynamic formulation -- Use of the formulation -- Using the revised formulation -- Chapter 28 Collaborative Formulations in Clinical Practice -- How do we decide how and when to engage in collaboratively formulating with our patients? -- Situations in which collaborative formulation is particularly helpful -- References -- End Note -- Appendix A -- An Educator's Guide to Using Psychodynamic Formulation: An Expanded Approach -- Setting the stage for formulating -- Teaching the describe/review/link method for formulating -- Reference -- Appendix B -- DESCRIBE, REVIEW, LINK-An Outline -- DESCRIBE (Six Domains of Function) -- REVIEW -- LINK -- Recommended Reading -- Index -- EULA.