Preface xv Ashu TANEJA, Abhishek KUMAR, Suresh Vishnudas LIMKAR, Mariya OUAISSA and Mariyam OUAISSA -- Chapter 1 Navigating Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin for Smart Cities 1 Wasswa SHAFIK -- 1.1 Introduction 2 -- 1.2 Artificial intelligence in smart cities 4 -- 1.2.1 Applications of AI in smart cities 6 -- 1.2.2 Benefits and challenges of AI implementation 6 -- 1.2.3 Definitions and components of smart cities 7 -- 1.3 Digital twin technology 8 -- 1.3.1 Concept and definition of digital twin 9 -- 1.3.2 Key components and functionality 10 -- 1.4 Understanding the role of artificial intelligence in smart cities 11 -- 1.4.1 AI-driven decision-making 12 -- 1.4.2 AI-enabled infrastructure management 13 -- 1.5 The role of digital twin technologies in smart cities 14 -- 1.5.1 Digital twins for urban planning 15 -- 1.5.2 Digital twins for smart infrastructure 16 -- 1.6 Integration of AI and digital twin in smart cities 17 -- 1.6.1 Synergies and benefits of combining AI and digital twin technologies 18 -- 1.6.2 Case studies and examples of successful implementations 19 -- 1.7 Challenges and future directions 19 -- 1.7.1 Ethical and privacy concerns 21 -- 1.7.2 Potential innovations and advancements 22 -- 1.8 Conclusion 22 -- 1.9 Reference 23 -- Chapter 2 Smart City Development in 6G Era: Synergizing AI and Digital Twin Technology 27 Raj Kishor VERMA and Ahmed A. ELNGAR -- 2.1 Introduction 28 -- 2.1.1 Smart cities 29 -- 2.1.2 6G technology 32 -- 2.1.3 Artificial intelligence 34 -- 2.1.4 Digital twin 36 -- 2.1.5 Urban development 38 -- 2.1.6 Sustainability 41 -- 2.2 Literature review/related work 43 -- 2.3 Proposed diagram 45 -- 2.3.1 Results 46 -- 2.3.2 Seamless connectivity with 6G 47 -- 2.3.3 Sustainability and environmental benefits 47 -- 2.3.4 Improved public services and citizen engagement 47 -- 2.3.5 Challenges and future directions 48 -- 2.4 Conclusion 50 -- 2.5 Future and scope 51 -- 2.6 Challenges 52 -- 2.7 References 53 -- Chapter 3 AI and Digital Twin for Smart Cities 55 Latha P, Geetha S, M. VAIDHEHI, Nalina Keerthana G and Muthu Selvi c -- 3.1 Introduction 56 -- 3.2 Digital twin security 58 -- 3.3 Advancing AI-driven digital twins 59 -- 3.3.1 Factors advancing AI-driven digital twins 59 -- 3.4 Systematic review of the research foundations 60 -- 3.5 Understanding digital twins in a smart city context 61 -- 3.6 The role of AI in enhancing digital twins 62 -- 3.7 Understanding AI and digital twin technologies 63 -- 3.7.1 Artificial intelligence (AI) 63 -- 3.7.2 Digital twin (DT) 63 -- 3.8 AI-driven energy management in smart cities 63 -- 3.9 AI and digital twins in smart cities 65 -- 3.10 Foundations of AI and digital twin technologies 65 -- 3.10.1 Artificial intelligence (AI) 65 -- 3.10.2 Machine learning (ML) 66 -- 3.10.3 Deep learning (DL) 66 -- 3.10.4 Strengthening learning (RL) 66 -- 3.11 Technology for digital twins 66 -- 3.12 Personalizing city services through AI 66 -- 3.13 Interplay between AI and digital twins in urban environments 67 -- 3.14 AI for urban planning and policy decisions 67 -- 3.15 Ethical considerations and data privacy in smart cities 68 -- 3.16 Understanding artificial intelligence in urban contexts 68 -- 3.16.1 Machine learning (ML) 68 -- 3.16.2 Advanced neural learning 69 -- 3.16.3 Language processing technology 69 -- 3.17 Urban landscape virtual models 70 -- 3.18 Improving public safety and emergency response 70 -- 3.19 AI for waste management 70 -- 3.19.1 AI for water resource management 71 -- 3.20 AI for urban planning and policy decisions 71 -- 3.21 The societal impact of artificial intelligence and digital twins in urban environments 71 -- 3.22 Applications in smart city domains 72 -- 3.22.1 Urban planning and development 72 -- 3.22.2 Traffic management and transportation 73 -- 3.22.3 Energy and sustainability management 73 -- 3.22.4 Disaster management and emergency response 73 -- 3.22.5 Water, waste and environmental monitoring 74 -- 3.22.6 Healthcare and public safety 74 -- 3.22.7 Governance and citizen engagement 74 -- 3.23 AI and digital twin 75 -- 3.23.1 Smart home 75 -- 3.24 Smart medical 76 -- 3.24.1 AI in smart medical care 76 -- 3.24.2 Digital twin in healthcare 76 -- 3.24.3 AI and digital twin integration in smart healthcare 77 -- 3.24.4 Impact on healthcare 77 -- 3.25 Smart agriculture 77 -- 3.25.1 AI in smart agriculture 77 -- 3.25.2 Applications of digital twin in agriculture 78 -- 3.26 Case studies 79 -- 3.26.1 Singapore: integrating AI with digital twins for urban efficiency 79 -- 3.26.2 Helsinki: enhancing urban planning and sustainability 79 -- 3.26.3 Barcelona: revolutionizing energy management with smart grids 79 -- 3.26.4 Rotterdam: building resilience through disaster management 80 -- 3.27 Applications and benefits 80 -- 3.28 Benefits and challenges 81 -- 3.28.1 Benefits 81 -- 3.28.2 Challenges 81 -- 3.29 Case study: how the public views and accepts AI in smart cities 81 -- 3.30 The future of AI in smart cities emerging trends and opportunities 82 -- 3.31 Future prospects and research directions 83 -- 3.32 Conclusion 83 -- 3.33 References 83 -- Chapter 4 Security Solutions for Smart Cities Using Digital Twin 89 Shubham GUPTA and Ferdinand M. MAGTIBAY -- 4.1 Overview of smart cities 89 -- 4.1.1 Importance of digital transformation in urban areas 91 -- 4.1.2 Security challenges in smart cities 92 -- 4.1.3 Role of digital twin in smart cities 95 -- 4.1.4 Purpose and scope of the chapter 96 -- 4.2 Understanding digital twin technology 96 -- 4.2.1 Concept of digital twin 97 -- 4.2.2 Types of digital twins in smart cities 97 -- 4.2.3 Integration with emerging technologies 100 -- 4.3 Security threats in smart cities and digital twins 101 -- 4.3.1 Cybersecurity threats 101 -- 4.3.2 Physical security threats 103 -- 4.3.3 Privacy and ethical concerns 104 -- 4.4 Digital twin-based security solutions for smart cities 105 -- 4.4.1 Real-time threat detection and response 107 -- 4.4.2 Cybersecurity solutions using digital twins 108 -- 4.4.3 Physical security enhancements 109 -- 4.4.4 Privacy-preserving mechanisms 110 -- 4.5 Case studies and real-world implementations 110 -- 4.5.1 Smart city security: case study of Singapore 111 -- 4.5.2 Digital twin for critical infrastructure protection: case study of London 112 -- 4.5.3 AI-powered digital twins in US smart cities 113 -- 4.6 Challenges and future directions 113 -- 4.6.1 Technical and implementation challenges 114 -- 4.6.2 Policy and regulatory challenges 115 -- 4.6.3 Future trends and innovations 116 -- 4.7 Conclusion 116 -- 4.8 References 117 -- Chapter 5 Building Sustainable Urban Futures with AI and Digital Twins 119 Dhruv Kumar SONI and Ashu TANEJA -- 5.1 Introduction 119 -- 5.1.1 Understanding AI and digital twins in urban systems 121 -- 5.1.2 Artificial intelligence: transforming urban systems 122 -- 5.1.3 Digital twins: bridging the physical and digital worlds 123 -- 5.2 The synergy between AI and digital twins 124 -- 5.2.1 Energy management and smart grids 125 -- 5.3 Role of AI in sustainable smart cities 127 -- 5.4 Case studies and real-world applications 128 -- 5.4.1 Singapore: virtual city modeling and energy efficiency 128 -- 5.4.2 Barcelona: smarter public services 128 -- 5.4.3 Dubai: sustainable urban management 129 -- 5.5 Integration with emerging technologies 129 -- 5.6 Challenges and ethical considerations 131 -- 5.7 Future directions 131 -- 5.8 Conclusion 132 -- 5.9 References 133 -- Chapter 6 Enhancing Urban Efficiency with AI and Digital Twin Technologies in Smart City Infrastructure 139 Sanjivani Hemant KULKARNI, Vipan KUMAR, Anupam KANWAR, Priya DASARWAR, Monali GULHANE, Nitin RAKESH and Utku KOSE -- 6.1 Introduction 140 -- 6.1.1 Introduction to smart cities 140 -- 6.1.2 Overview of digital twin technology 141 -- 6.2 Theoretical background 142 -- 6.2.1 Key concepts in AI relevant to urban applications 142 -- 6.2.2 Introduction to digital twins: history, development and current status 142 -- 6.2.3 Overview of the IoT and its integration with AI and digital twins 143 -- 6.3 Framework and implementation 144 -- 6.3.1 Designing an AI-enhanced digital twin model 144 -- 6.3.2 Integration strategies for IoT data with digital twins 145 -- 6.3.3 Technologies and tools used in the implementation 146 -- 6.4 Applications of AI and digital twins in smart cities 147 -- 6.4.1 Infrastructure management (water, power, waste management) 147 -- 6.4.2 Traffic and transportation systems 148 -- 6.4.3 Public safety and emergency

response 148 -- 6.5 Results and discussion 150 -- 6.5.1 Presentation of results from real-world case studies or simulations 150 -- 6.5.2 Analysis of the impact of AI and digital twins on urban system efficiency 153 -- 6.6 Future trends and innovations 156 -- 6.6.1 Emerging technologies in AI and digital twins 156 -- 6.6.2 Predictive analysis for long-term urban planning 157 -- 6.7 Conclusion 158 -- 6.8 References 158 -- Chapter 7 Toward Smart Healthcare in Digital Twin Featuring AI for Innovation in Smart ...