This edited book presents recent developments in the field of plant biotechnology involving highly efficient micropropagation for the commercial exploitation of nanomaterials (such as silver, cobalt, copper, zinc, magnesium, silicon, iron, nickel, manganese, and selenium nanoparticles, etc.). The book covers the concept, preparation, and synthesis of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles, as well as their application in plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. Metal nanoparticles have gained significant attention in various fields, including plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. Their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties make them attractive candidates for applications in plant science. Nanomaterials are applied as plant growth regulators to improve plantlet quality by enhancing the quality of in vitro shoots, their growth, and development at both in vitro and ex vitro stages. Since then, the application of nanomaterials in micropropagation has paved the way for replacing previous culture mediums with new nanoparticle mediums, bringing better efficiency and simplicity to plant propagation operations. The book discusses mechanisms, explant surface disinfection, media sterilization, abnormal phenomena, morphogenesis, physiological-biochemical processes, and the accumulation of economically valuable crop compounds in culture mediums supplemented or replaced by metal ions with metal nanoparticles. This book will interest teachers, researchers, scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Additionally, it serves as additional reading for undergraduate and graduate students in agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental science.