Islamic social movements.- The enduring Ottoman legacy.- The tempering of the Kemalist Revolution: the emergence of multiparty politics.- The political economy of Islamic discourse.- The role of literacy and the media in the Islamic movement.- The matrix of Turkish Islamic movements: the Nakısibendi Sufi order.- Print-based Islamic discourse: the Nur movement.- The Neo-Nur movement and Fethullah Gülen.- The national outlook movement and the rise of the Refah party.- The securitization of Islam and the triumph of the AKP.