Chapter 1 Evolutionary perspectives on child growth and nutrition -- Chapter 2 The complex relationship between food insecurity and malnutrition -- Chapter 3 Globalization, diet, and child health in three Latin American indigenous populations -- Chapter 4 Tuberculosis in children: a perspective from life history theory -- Chapter 5 Non-nutritional components in the diet -- Chapter 6 Reference curves of growth from Colombian National Surveys and anthropometric secular trends -- Chapter 7 Anthropometric indices for assessing nutritional status and health risk of schoolchildren and adolescents -- Chapter 8 The Extent of Residual Lower-Extremity Shortening in the Origins of Endemic Stunting among Guatemala Preschoolers: A photographic Examination -- Chapter 9 Evaluation of maturation among adolescent athletes -- Chapter 10 Secular trend in growth and nutritional status in Argentina over the last three decades -- Chapter 11 Changes in nutritional status and urbanization in a northeastern Patagonian city. A brief secular trend story of the school children from Puerto Madryn (Chubut, Argentina) -- Chapter 12 Inequalities in malnutrition and living conditions of children from native and migrant families residing in the productive belt of La Plata city in Buenos Aires, Argentina -- Chapter 13 Growth and Nutrition Indicators in Brazil: Some perspectives and changes from 1975 to 2019 -- Chapter 14 Obesity in Chilean schoolchildren and the importance of the diagnostic criteria: body mass index, body fat percentage, and biotype -- Chapter 15 Growth, body composition, and some influential factors in infants, children and adolescents of Cuba -- Chapter 16 Height, weight, and body mass index in El Salvadoran schoolchildren from the Bajo Lempa rural region -- Chapter 17 Measuring the impact of stunting on child growth considering ontogeny and sexual dimorphism -- Chapter 18 Consequences of increased dependence on store foods on seasonal macronutrient intake and gut microbiota in Maya mothers and their 12- to 36-month-old children -- Chapter 19 Parasitic infection, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies in school-aged children in Mexico -- Chapter 20 Biological and ecological impacts on recovery from anemia among peri-urban Peruvian children.