Frontmatter -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1. Defining Fluency in L2 Learning and Use -- 2. What is Fluency? Learner Perceptions of the Concept -- 3. Cognitive Fluency in L2: What Inaccuracies Can Reveal about Processing and Proficiency -- 4. Fluency in L2 Listening -- 5. L2 Fluency and Writer Profiles -- 6. Fluency in English as a Lingua Franca Interaction -- 7. Fluency in Sign Language -- 8. Gestures as Fluency-enhancing Resources in L2 Interaction: A Case Study on Multimodal Fluency -- 9. Fluency in Language Assessment -- 10. Fluency in Evaluating and Assessing Translations -- 11. The Effects of Songs on L2 Proficiency and Spoken Fluency: A Pedagogical Perspective -- 12. Synthesising Approaches to Second Language Fluency: Implications and Future Directions -- Index