Intro -- Guidelines for Siting and Layout of Facilities -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Objectives -- 1.2 A Siting and Layout Approach -- 1.3 How to Use This Guideline -- 1.4 The Protection Layers -- 1.5 Terminology -- 1.6 Guideline References -- 1.7 Separation Distances Based Primarily on Fire Consequences -- 2 OVERVIEW OF BENEFITS -- 2.1 Implications of Siting and Layout -- 2.2 Management of Risks -- 2.2.1 Applying the Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Principles -- 2.2.2 Using Safeguards -- 2.3 Implementing a Step-wise Approach for the Siting and LayOut of Facilities -- 2.4 Anticipating the Changing World -- 2.5 Summarizing the Business Case for Proper Siting of a Facility -- 2.5.1 Importance of starting early in the project proposal phase -- 2.5.2 Balancing life cycle costs when locating a facility -- 2.5.3 Looking beyond immediate needs -- 3 IDENTIFYING THE PROCESS HAZARDS AND RISKS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Describing the Facility's Scope -- 3.3 Screening for Preliminary Hazards -- 3.3.1 Fire Scenarios -- 3.3.2 Explosion Scenarios -- 3.3.3 Toxic Release Scenarios -- 3.3.4 Credible Release Scenarios -- 3.3.5 Addressing Domino Effect Scenarios -- 3.3.6 Addressing High Consequence, Low Frequency Scenarios -- 3.4 Evaluating the Risks -- 3.5 Checklist for Identifying the Process Hazards and Risks -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 SELECTING A FACILITY LOCATION -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Additional Information on the Facility -- 4.3 Selecting a Team to Locate the Facility -- 4.4 Guidelines when Surveying Potential Facility Locations -- 4.5 Determining the Location Plot Size -- 4.6 Construction and Turnaround Issues -- 4.7 Maps and Information -- 4.8 Geological Issues -- 4.8.1 Terrain Properties -- 4.8.2 Soil Properties -- 4.9 Weather Issues.

4.10 Seismic Issues -- 4.11 Off-site Issues -- 4.11.1 Neighboring Forests and Vegetation -- 4.11.2 Neighboring Industrial Facilities -- 4.11.3 External Emergency Response Resources -- 4.11.4 Stakeholder Outreach -- 4.12 Security Issues -- 4.13 Environmental Issues -- 4.13.1 Environmental Impact -- 4.13.2 Environmental Regulations -- 4.13.3 Air Issues -- 4.13.4 Land Issues -- 4.13.5 Water Issues -- 4.13.6 Noise Issues -- 4.13.7 Luminosity Issues -- 4.13.8 Flare Issues -- 4.13.9 Incinerator and Boiler Issues -- 4.13.10 Biological Issues -- 4.14 Infrastructure Issues -- 4.15 Building and Structure Issues -- 4.16 Material Handling Issues -- 4.16.1 Construction Transportation Issues -- 4.16.2 Operations Transportation Issues -- 4.16.3 Pipeline Issues -- 4.16.4 Truck Transportation Issues -- 4.16.5 Railroad Transportation Issues -- 4.16.6 Port Operations Issues -- 4.16.7 Air Carrier Issues -- 4.17 Communications Issues -- 4.17.1 Types of Communication Systems -- 4.17.2 Data Retrieval Systems -- 4.17.3 Packages and mail-related courier services -- 4.18 Engineering Design Issues -- 4.19 Utilities Issues -- 4.19.1 Electric Power Supply -- 4.19.2 Water Supply -- 4.19.3 Steam Supply -- 4.19.4 Fuel Supply -- 4.19.5 Air Supply -- 4.19.6 Other Utility Supplies -- 4.20 Other Characteristics -- 4.20.1 Personnel -- 4.20.2 Other Support Personnel and Operations -- 4.20.3 Housing -- 4.21 Preparing the Information when Comparing Locations -- 4.22 A Siting and Layout Illustration -- 4.23 Checklist for Selecting a Facility Location -- 4.24 Summary -- 5 SELECTING THE PROCESS UNIT LAYOUT WITHIN A FACILITY -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Block Layout Methodology Overview -- 5.2.1 Steps for Arranging the Process Unit Blocks -- 5.2.2 Evaluating Effective Risk Reduction Options -- 5.2.3 Some Modeling Issues -- 5.3 How the Block Layout Integrates with the Facility Location.

5.4 Applying Preventive Measures when Arranging Process Units -- 5.5 Applying Mitigative Measures when Arranging Process Units -- 5.6 Construction and Turnarounds -- 5.6.1 Some Construction Issues -- 5.6.2 Planning for Phased Construction -- 5.6.3 Planning for Future Expansions and Turnarounds -- 5.6.4 Equipment Laydown Areas during Construction -- 5.7 The Block Layout Approach: Step 1 -- Evaluating the Location'S Characteristics -- 5.7.1 Elevation Issues -- 5.7.2 Geological Issues -- 5.7.3 Weather Issues -- 5.7.4 Seismic Issues -- 5.8 Off-site Issues -- 5.8.1 Forest and vegetation issues -- 5.8.2 Neighbor issues -- 5.8.3 Emergency response accessibility issues -- 5.9 Security Issues -- 5.10 Environmental Issues -- 5.11 Infrastructure Issues -- 5.12 The Block Layout Approach: Step 2 -- Evaluating the Separation Distances between Blocks -- 5.13 Critical and Occupied Structures -- 5.13.1 Locating Critical and Occupied Structures -- 5.13.2 Process Control Buildings -- 5.13.3 Shelters -- 5.13.4 Blast Resistant Buildings -- 5.13.5 Other Buildings -- 5.14 Material Handling -- 5.14.1 On-site Transportation Issues -- 5.14.2 Transfer Pumps -- 5.14.3 Pipeline Metering Stations -- 5.14.4 Pipeways -- 5.14.5 Underground Piping -- 5.14.6 Truck and Rail Car Loading and Unloading Racks -- 5.14.7 Railways -- 5.14.8 Piers/Jetties and Wharves -- 5.15 Process Units -- 5.15.1 Process Units Located inside Buildings -- 5.15.2 Distances between Process Units -- 5.15.3 Modularization -- 5.15.4 Maintenance Accessibility -- 5.15.5 Emergency Accessibility -- 5.15.6 Shipping or Receiving Operations -- 5.15.7 Special and Tolling Operations -- 5.16 Tank Farms -- 5.16.1 Tank Farm Locations -- 5.16.2 Underground Storage Tanks -- 5.16.3 Aboveground Storage Tanks -- 5.17 Other Areas -- 5.17.1 Flares -- 5.17.2 Facility Supporting Operations -- 5.17.3 Wastewater Operations.

5.17.4 Toxic and Reactive Chemical Storage -- 5.17.5 Compressed and Liquefied Gas Storage -- 5.17.6 Emergency Response Operations -- 5.17.7 Fire Training Areas -- 5.17.8 Miscellaneous -- 5.18 Utilities -- 5.18.1 Electrical Power Supplies -- 5.18.2 Water Supply -- 5.18.3 Steam Supply -- 5.18.4 Cogeneration Facilities -- 5.18.5 Fuel Gases and Liquids -- 5.18.6 Air Compressors -- 5.18.7 Utility Cooling Towers -- 5.18.8 Other Utility Systems -- 5.19 Optimizing the Locations of the Process Units -- 5.20 Resolving Block Layout Optimization Issues -- 5.21 Continuing the Siting and Layout Illustration -- 5.22 Checklist For Selecting the Layout of Process Units within a Facility -- 5.23 Summary -- 6 SELECTING THE EQUIPMENT LAYOUT WITHIN A PROCESS UNIT -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Equipment Layout Methodology Overview -- 6.2.1 The Approach -- 6.2.2 The Separation Distances between Equipment -- 6.3 How the Equipment Layout Integrates with the Block Layout -- 6.4 Applying Preventive Measures when Arranging Equipment -- 6.4.1 Congestion and Confinement Issues -- 6.4.2 Arranging Pipeways -- 6.4.3 Distributing Utilities within the Process Unit -- 6.4.4 Locating Storage Tanks -- 6.5 Applying Mitigative Measures when Arranging Equipment -- 6.5.1 Reducing Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) Consequences -- 6.5.2 Reducing Dust Explosion Consequences -- 6.5.3 Reducing Fire Consequences -- 6.5.4 Reducing Toxic Consequences -- 6.5.5 Reducing Domino Effects -- 6.5.6 Reducing Consequences with Engineering Designs -- 6.6 Critical and Occupied Structure Design -- 6.6.1 Applying Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Principles to Structure Locations -- 6.6.2 Design Issues with Modular Units -- 6.6.3 Design Issues with Single and Multi-level Structures -- 6.6.4 Design Issues with Partially Enclosed Structures -- 6.6.5 Design Issues with Enclosed Structures.

6.6.6 Design Issues with Blast Resistant Buildings -- 6.7 Equipment -- 6.7.1 Applying Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Principles to Equipment Layout -- 6.7.2 Vessels -- 6.7.3 Reactors -- 6.7.4 Pumps -- 6.7.5 Gas compressors and expanders -- 6.7.6 Equipment with Air Intakes -- 6.7.7 Heat Exchangers -- 6.7.8 Air-cooled Heat Exchangers -- 6.8 Resolving Equipment Layout Optimization Issues -- 6.9 Continuing the Siting and Layout Illustration -- 6.10 Checklist For Selecting the Equipment Layout within a Process Unit -- 6.11 Summary -- 7 MANAGING CHANGES -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Addressing Surrounding Community and Industrial Expansions -- 7.3 A Siting and Layout Approach when Managing Changes -- 7.4 Maintaining Facility Integrity during its Life Cycle -- 7.5 Managing Expansions at an Existing Facility -- 7.6 Managing Purchases of Existing Facilities -- 7.7 Monitoring changes with Periodic Reviews -- 7.8 Addressing Siting and Layout Issues which are Identified During Expansions -- 7.9 Summary -- 8 Case Histories -- 9 References -- 10 Appendices -- Appendix A Additional Siting And Layout References -- Appendix B Ccps Recommended Distance Tables For Siting And Layout Of Facilities -- Appendix C Checklist For Identifying The Process Hazards And Risks -- Appendix D Checklist For Selecting A Facility Location -- Appendix E Checklist For Selecting The Process Unit Layout Within A Facility -- Appendix F Checklist For Selecting The Equipment Layout Within A Process Unit -- Index -- EULA.