Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Management Challenges of Water Resources in Sikkim Mountain Regions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Sikkim State -- 1.1.2 Climate -- 1.1.2.1 Analysis of Precipitation Indices -- 1.1.3 Geology of Sikkim -- 1.2 Water Resources in Sikkim -- 1.2.1 Water Security Issue -- 1.2.2 Management Initiatives -- 1.3 Management Challenges -- 1.4 Future Adaptation Strategies and Options -- References

Chapter 2 Basin-Scale Estimation of Runoff Components Using the SPHY Model: A Case Study of the Koshi River Basin, Central Himalaya -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Study Area -- 2.2.2 Model Description -- 2.2.2.1 Rainfall Runoff -- 2.2.2.2 Snow Processes -- 2.2.2.3 Glacier Processes -- 2.2.2.4 Base Flow Processes -- 2.2.2.5 Water Balance -- 2.2.3 Mann-Kendall Test -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Model Setup and Sensitivity Analysis -- 2.3.2 Water Balance of the Koshi River -- 2.3.3 Total Runoff and Runoff Components -- 2.3.4 Subbasin Variations of the Runoff Component

2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Assessment and Prediction of Water Yield in the Chandra Basin, Western Himalaya, India: : Using Physical Basis SWAT Model and Machine Learning -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Area -- 3.3 Methodology -- 3.3.1 SWAT Model -- 3.3.1.1 Land Use/Land Cover -- 3.3.1.2 Soil Database -- 3.3.1.3 Weather Datasets -- 3.3.1.4 SWAT Simulation -- 3.3.2 Evaluation of Runoff in the Near Future -- 3.3.2.1 SWAT-LassoRegression Method -- 3.3.2.2 SWAT-RidgeRegression Method -- 3.3.2.3 SWAT-Elastic-NetRegression Method

3.3.3 Performance Metrics -- 3.3.4 Results and Observations -- 3.4 Conclusion(s) -- Acknowledgments -- Ethical Approval and Responsibilities of Authors -- Consent to Participate -- Consent to Publish -- Funding -- Competing Interests -- Author(s) Contributions -- Availability of Data and Materials -- References -- Chapter 4 Assessment of Suspended Sediment Properties and Particle Load for Optimal Operation of Hydropower Plants in the Himalayan Region -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Hydropower in India -- 4.3 Challenges of Hydropower Development in the Himalayas -- 4.4 Impact of Sediment on HPP

4.5 Alaknanda River Basin -- 4.6 Sutlej River Basin -- 4.7 Suspended Sediment Properties -- 4.7.1 SSC -- 4.7.2 PSD -- 4.7.3 Shape -- 4.7.4 Mineralogy -- 4.7.5 International Standard IEC 62364 (2019) -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Hydrochemistry and Quality Assessment of High-Altitudinal Kareri Lake, Northwest Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Information of the Study Site -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.5 Hydrochemistry of the Lake -- 5.6 Qualitative Characteristics of Lake -- 5.7 Pearson Correlation Coefficient