"This textbook is my attempt to cover both theories and approaches in the GIS field and how to do in the ArcGIS Pro environment. The same strategy can be applied to other GIS software platforms as well. The objective of writing this textbook is to avoid being either software centric or theory centric. This attempt is the first in its kind and definitely a preliminary one. Whether the tutorials of software and data analysis match with the illustrations of the theories and concepts in this book, the readers will judge, and they can make suggestions to improve. Why is the balance of learning the theories or concepts and GIS software or analytical skills important? I used to tell students in my class that theories and concepts are the forest, and GIS software and analytical skills are the trees."-- Provided by publisher.