The Purinergic Signaling: Overview -- Adenosine A2A Receptor-containing Heteromers and Neuroprotection -- Purinergic Signaling in Brain Physiology -- Neurotrophic Actions of Adenosine and Guanosine: Implications for Neural Development and Regeneration? -- Purinergic Signaling in Neurogenesis and Neural Fate Determination: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges -- Purinergic Signaling in Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Purinergic Signaling in Depression -- Roles of Purinergic Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease -- Purinergic Signaling in Basal Ganglia Diseases: Parkinson's Disease -- A Step in the ALS Direction: Lessons from the Purinome -- Purinergic P2 Receptors in Epilepsy -- Purinergic Signaling in Neuroinflammation -- Purinergic Signaling in Brain Tumors -- Development of Purinergic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists -- Acupuncture for Counteracting P2X4 and P2X7 Receptor Involvement in Neuroinflammation.