Genetics of sex differences in immunity -- The influence of sex hormones and X chromosome in immune responses -- Sex Differences in HIV Infection -- Chapter 6: Effects of Biological Sex and Pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Outcomes -- Biological sex and pregnancy affect influenza pathogenesis and vaccination -- Sex and gender differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes -- Sex-Linked Differences in Malaria Risk Across the Lifespan -- Sex Difference in Amebiasis -- Sex Differential and Non-Specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course -- Immunology of pregnancy and systemic consequences.