The need to optimize the health of women / Lilian U. Thompson and Wendy E. Ward -- The sex specific biology of the gastrointestinal tract / Marianne J. Legato -- Adolescence / Nicole Larson. [et al.] -- Premenopause / Paula Skidmore and Aedin Cassidy -- Pregnancy and lactation / Lisa Houghton and Deborah L. O'Connor -- Menopause and midlife / Stacie E. Geller, Marci Goldstein Adams, and Laura Studee -- Obesity and weight management / Peter Clifton -- Diabetes and metabolic syndrome / Janet Vogt and Thomas Wolever -- Cardiovascular disease / Alice Lichtenstein and Nirupa Matthan -- Breast and ovarian cancer / Bette Caan and Cynthia Thomson -- Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis / Wendy E. Ward -- Rheumatoid arthritis / Lisa K. Stamp and Leslie G. Cleland -- Irritable bowel syndrome / Gerald E. Mullin and Linda Lee -- Eye health / Jennifer Evans -- Alzheimer's disease and dementia / Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello, Sara Hutchison, and Hannes B. Staehelin -- Depression and psychiatric disorders / Christina P. Borba and David C. Henderson -- Eating disorders / Richard Kreipe and Sophie Bucher Della Torre -- Oral health / Peter C. Fritz and Wendy E. Ward -- Conclusion: what we know, and where do we go from here? / Lilian U. Thompson and Wendy E. Ward.