1. Patient selection and general approach to CTO revascularization / Charles Perry and George D. Dangas -- 2. Guidewire techniques and technologies : hydrophilic versus stiff wire selection / Garrett B. Wong, Matthew J. Price, and Paul S. Teirstein -- 3. Advanced techniques for antegrade advancement of wires / Etsuo Tsuchikane -- 4. Retrograde and bilateral techniques / Jean-Fran�ois Surmely and Osamu Katoh -- 5. Subintimal tracking and reentry : the STAR technique / Antonio Colombo and Goran Stankovic -- 6. Technical options for uncrossable lesions / Masahiko Ochiai -- 7. Rotational atherectomy / Mark Reisman -- 8. Role of the CROSSER Catheter / Mark Reisman -- 9. The role of fibrinolytic therapy in the management of chronic total occlusions / Amr E. Abbas and William W. O'Neill -- 10. Drug-eluting stents for chronic total occlusions : the European experience / Angela Hoye -- 11. Drug-eluting stents for chronic total occlusions : the North American and Asian experience / David E. Kandzari -- 12. Prevention of complications : when to stop-retry-redirect to other therapy / Neil K. Goyal and Jeffrey W. Moses -- 13. Complications related to radiation and contrast media exposure / Masashi Kimura, Eugenia Nikolsky, Stephen Balter, and Roxana Mehran -- 14. Procedural and technical complications / Masashi Kimura, Antonio Colombo, Eugenia Nikolsky, Etsuo Tsuchikane, and George D. Dangas -- 15. Peripheral CTO recanalization and revascularization techniques / Neil K. Goyal, George D. Dangas, and William Gray -- 16. Role of excimer laser / Steven R. Bailey -- 17. Role of antegrade blunt dissection for coronary and peripheral chronic total occlusions / Patrick L. Whitlow and Matthew Selmon -- 18. Role of an optical reflectometry and radiofrequency ablation device : coronary chronic total occlusions / Gregory A. Braden and George D. Dangas -- 19. Role of an optical reflectometry and radiofrequency ablation device : peripheral chronic total occlusions / M. Ishti Ali and Richard Heuser -- 20. Tackling chronic total occlusions : training standards and recommendations / Ajay J. Kirtane and George D. Dangas.