section 1. Basic considerations -- section 2. Equipment -- section 3. Laparoscopy : general techniques -- section 4. Adult laparoscopy : benign disease -- section 5. Laparoscopic urologic oncology -- section 6. Pediatric laparoscopy -- section 7. Hand-assisted laparoscopy -- section 8. Laparoscopy : developing techniques -- section 9. Laparoscopic complications : etiology, prevention, management -- section 10. Laparoscopy : select aspects -- section 11. The future.