chapter 1 Biomaterials: Historical Overview and Current Directions -- chapter 2 The Host Response to Implantable Devices -- chapter 3 Nanobiotechnology -- chapter 4 Next Generation Sensors for Measuring Ionic Flux in Live Cells -- chapter 5 Synthesis of Cell Structures -- chapter 6 Cellular Mechanotransduction -- chapter 7 Nanoarchitectures, Nanocomputing, Nanotechnologies and the DNA Structure -- chapter 8 Single-Molecule Optical Trap Studies and the Myosin Family of Motors -- chapter 9 Biomineralization: Physiochemical and Biological Processes in Nanotechnology -- chapter 10 Polyelectrolyte Behavior in DNA: Self-Assembling Toroidal Nanoparticles -- chapter 11 Micro- and Nanoelectromechanical Systems in Medicine and Surgery -- chapter 12 Imaging Molecular and Cellular Processes in the Living Body -- chapter 13 Tissue Engineering and Artificial Cells -- chapter 14 Artificial Organs and Stem Cell Biology -- chapter 15 Microbial Biofilms -- chapter 16 Nanobiology in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery -- chapter 17 Translating Nanotechnology to Vascular Disease -- chapter 18 Nanotechnology and Cancer -- chapter 19 Nanotechnology in Organ Transplantation -- chapter 20 Crossing the Chasm: Adoption of New Medical Device Nanotechnology -- chapter 21 The Road to Infinitesimal.