chapter 1. Introduction -- chapter 2. Geographic representations -- chapter 3. Geospatial measurements -- chapter 4. Geostatistical models of scale -- chapter 5. Lattice data and scale models -- chapter 6. Geostatistical methods for scaling -- chapter 7. Methods for scaling gridded data -- chapter 8. Multiscale data conflation -- chapter 9. Scale in terrain analysis -- chapter 10. Scale in area-class mapping -- chapter 11. Information content -- chapter 12. Uncertainty characterization.