1. Introduction to electrospinning -- 2. Emerging applications of electrospun nanofibers -- 3. Developments in large-scale nanofiber electrospinning systems -- 4. Upward needleless electrospinning with disc, ball, and cylinder spinnerets -- 5. Upward needleless electrospinning with ring and coil spinnerets -- 6. Electrical field analysis -- 7. Fiber collection -- 8. Conclusion and outlook.