Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- Orthodontic Objective -- Class I Malocclusions -- Class II Malocclusions -- Class III Malocclusions -- Orthopedic Goals -- Simplification Versus Complexity -- Why Can FOUR Appliances Correct Most of the Malocclusions? -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Evolving Concepts in the Understanding and Treatment of Malocclusions -- When Parents Do Not Want Extractions -- In Orthodontics -- In Orthopedics -- The Meccano Model -- The Biological Model -- Orthopedic and Orthodontic Intervention Times -- Genetics and Environment

Environment Examples -- Discussion -- Genetic Example (Growth and Development Failure in Early Stages) -- Environmental Example -- Genetic Example -- Environmental Airway Problem -- Waddington's Epigenetic Landscape -- The Environmental Factor -- Question -- What We Must Know About Growth and Development to Implement Craniofacial Corrections -- Percentage of the Child's Cranial Dimension with Respect to the Adult -- How to Distinguish in a Phenotype the Difference Between Genetics and the Environment -- Empty Cube Metaphor -- How the Cranial Phenotype Was Modified by the Ancient Mayan Population?

Variability, Genotypes and Phenotypes -- Concepts of Normality -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Growth and Development Mechanisms of the Craniofacial Complex -- Methods of Bone Formation -- Bone as a Tissue -- Intramembranous Bone Formation -- Periosteum and Endosteum -- Tooth Movement -- Cells of the Bone -- Osteoblasts -- Osteocytes -- Osteoclasts -- Intramembranous Bone Formation -- Clinical Case -- Cartilage as a Tissue -- Cells of Cartilage -- Chondroblasts -- Chondrocytes -- Cartilage and Bone Formation -- Clinical Case -- Collagen -- Osteogenesis Imperfecta Case -- "When?" Timing

Forms of Identification of Biological Maturation in Growth and Development -- Chronological and Dental Age (Date of Birth) -- Biological Age (Appearance of Secondary Sexual Characteristics) -- Radiological Bone Age (Carpal Radiography) -- Cervical Vertebral Maturation -- Defining Goals in Patients with Growth Potentials -- References -- Chapter 3 Description of Growth by Anatomical Divisions (the Cranium) -- The Cranium Prenatal Growth -- Localized Linear Scleroderma "En coup de sabre" -- Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy (AHP) or Parry Romberg Syndrome -- Ossification

The Cranium Postnatal Growth -- Anatomical Divisions -- The Neurocranium -- The Calvarium -- Non-synostotic Deformational Plagiocephaly -- Synostotic Plagiocephaly or Craniosynostosis -- Synostotic Plagiocephaly or Craniosynostosis Lambdoidal and Coronal Sutures -- References -- Chapter 4 Description of Growth by Anatomic Divisions (Cranial Base, Nasomaxillary, and Maxillary Complex Growth) -- The Cranial Base Growth -- The Anterior Cranial Base -- The Posterior Cranial Base -- Clinical Case of a Patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia (Cranial Base) -- Circummaxillary Suture Closure