Foreword: The Knowledge Community at the Service of Communities xi Arnaud MACÉ -- Preface xix Patrick GIRAUDOUX -- Chapter 1. Agricultural Changes and Population Outbreaks of Grassland Voles 1 Patrick GIRAUDOUX -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The European Common Agricultural Policy and its national implementation, voles and their predators -- 1.2.1. Establishment of practices and landscape -- 1.2.2. Which measurement tools for which observations? -- 1.2.3. Landscapes and practices -- 1.2.4. Synchronies -- 1.2.5. Predation -- 1.2.6. Bacteria and other vole parasites -- 1.3. Controlling outbreaks and their consequences: from correlations to action -- 1.3.1. Rodenticide treatments as a quasi-experiment -- 1.3.2. The toolkit -- 1.3.3. Anthropology to the rescue of the application -- 1.3.4. The status and contribution of models -- 1.3.5. Conceptual models -- 1.3.6. Quantitative models -- 1.3.7. Toward new questions -- 1.4. What methodological lessons can be drawn from this experience? -- 1.5. Acknowledgments -- 1.6. References -- Chapter 2. The Pollution of a River: A Sociological Investigation of Knowledge and Expertise 51 Simon CALLA -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Different types of knowledge to qualify the situation -- 2.2.1. At the water's edge, indexical knowledge -- 2.2.2. In the laboratories, scientific knowledge -- 2.2.3. In the administrations, legal knowledge -- 2.3. Several groups of scientists investigating the same situation -- 2.3.1. The construction of the content of expert reports -- 2.3.2. The cohabitation of two groups of experts -- 2.3.3. River advocates and experts -- 2.4. Conclusion -- 2.5. References -- Chapter 3. Farm Environment, Raw Milk and Immunity: A "Field" Study of Tolerance Learning 87 Dominique Angèle VUITTON, Jean-Jacques LAPLANTE and Amandine DIVARET-CHAUVEAU -- 3.1. Introduction: from farm disease to farm protection, a rural environmental story -- 3.2. Atopic allergic diseases: multifactorial, multidisciplinary and, paradoxically, not very rural -- 3.3. The increasing prevalence of atopic allergic diseases in the population of developed countries: an enigma of the second half of the 20th century -- 3.4. The role of the farm environment in protecting children from atopic allergic diseases -- 3.4.1. Observations from cross-sectional epidemiological studies -- 3.4.2. Farm life: a protective factor against the occurrence of allergic diseases? -- 3.5. Setting up the PASTURE cohort in Germany, Austria, Finland, Switzerland and Franche-Comté -- -- 3.5.1. Protection against allergic diseases by the farm environment: a confirmation -- 3.5.2. Exposure to animals and the farm microbial ecosystem -- 3.5.3. Consumption of raw milk and dairy products and exposure to the microbial ecosystem of raw milk -- 3.5.4. Dietary diversification in the first year of life and cheese consumption -- 3.6. At the crossroads: assessment and avenues still to be explored by the PASTURE cohort -- 3.6.1. The scientific achievements of nearly 20 years of the PASTURE adventure -- 3.6.2. Intestinal microbiota: the missing link? First results from the PASTURE study -- 3.6.3. Debates on the "benefit-risk" ratio and the possible contribution of the human and social sciences -- 3.7. Acknowledgments -- 3.8. References -- Chapter 4. Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis Transmission 137 Patrick GIRAUDOUX, Dominique Angèle VUITTON and Philip Simon CRAIG -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Jura transmission system -- 4.2.1. Seasonality and microfoci in rodents -- 4.2.2. Vole outbreaks and distribution of human cases -- 4.2.3. Infection in definitive hosts -- 4.2.4. Conclusion -- 4.3. Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis transmission in China and Kyrgyzstan -- 4.3.1. The background -- 4.3.2. Transmission and biodiversity on a continental scale -- 4.3.3. The Tibetan plateau -- 4.4. The mountains of southern Gansu and Ningxia -- 4.4.1. Gansu -- 4.4.2. Ningxia -- 4.5. Alpine meadows from Altai to Pamir -- 4.6. Conclusion -- 4.7. Acknowledgment -- 4.8. References -- Chapter 5. "Indigenous" Views of the Disease and Risks Associated with Alveolar Echinococcosis 181 Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Building scientific cooperation -- 5.3. Collaborating: working with others -- 5.4. Indigenous visions of social reality -- 5.5. Lessons learned allow us to think differently about prevention -- 5.6. Proximity to a sick person reinforces preventive behavior -- 5.7. References -- Chapter 6. Conservation of the Black-and-White Snub-nosed Monkey 201 Eve AFONSO, Cécile CALLOU, Céline CLAUZEL, Patrick GIRAUDOUX and Li -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Historical context and issues -- 6.3. Habitat connectivity and population genetics -- 6.4. In search of lost place names -- 6.5. Animal tourism: what are the consequences for the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey? -- 6.5.1. Ecotourism feeding sites: ready-to-see animals -- 6.5.2. Ecotourism in Xiangguqing: what are the consequences for the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey? -- 6.5.3. Genetic consequences of human intervention -- 6.5.4. Feeding sites: hotspots of parasitic transmission? -- 6.6. References -- Chapter 7. Cholera in Africa, from Fatalism to the Hope of Elimination: The Story of the Revolt Against a Status Quo 235 Didier BOMPANGUE -- 7.1. How can we engage in a collective approach to actionresearch in health? -- 7.2. The first years of the fight against cholera and the disillusionment of humanitarianism -- 7.3. From unpredictable to predictable cholera -- 7.3.1. A metapopulation mode of operation linked to the Great Lakes -- 7.3.2. Seasonality of cholera epidemics in lake areas -- 7.3.3. The role of lake areas in the persistence of cholera epidemics -- 7.3.4. Other determinants -- 7.3.5. The other face of cholera -- 7.4. Toward the elimination of cholera and the discovery of governance issues -- 7.5. References -- Conclusion: Cooperation at Work: Sociology of a Scientific Standpoint 273 Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT and Simon CALLA -- List of Authors -- Index.