"The cost-efficient extraction of underground hydrocarbons such as gas and oil requires a good understanding of the geological properties of the hydrocarbon-bearing rock or shale formation, so that boreholes with a good hydrocarbon yield may be drilled. Supplementing or replacing the trial-and-error approach of bringing down numerous test drillings with a data-driven predictive approach can significantly reduce the cost and time for making a newly discovered gas or oil field productive, and to increase the yield of existing fields"-- Provided by publisher.