Başlık:
Conflicting models for the origin of life
Yazar:
Smoukov, K., Stoyan, editor.
ISBN:
9781119555568
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 online resources
İçerik:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword, "Are There Men on the Moon?" by Winston S. Churchill -- Preface -- Appendix to Preface by Richard Gordon and George Mikhailovsky -- Part I: Introduction to the Origin of Life Puzzle -- Chapter 1 Origin of Life: Conflicting Models for the Origin of Life -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Top-Down Approach-The Phylogenetic Tree of Life -- 1.3 Bottom-Up Approach-The Hypotheses -- 1.4 The Emergence of Chemolithoautotrophs and Photolithoautotrophs? -- 1.5 Viruses: The Fourth Domain of Life? -- 1.6 Where are We with the Origin of Life on Earth? -- References -- Chapter 2 Characterizing Life: Four Dimensions and their Relevance to Origin of Life Research -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Debate About (Defining) Life -- 2.2.1 The Debate and the Meta-Debate -- 2.2.2 Defining Life is Only One Way to Address the Question "What is Life?" -- 2.3 Does Origin of Life Research Need a Characterization of Life? -- 2.4 Dimensions of Characterizing Life -- 2.4.1 Dimension 1: Dichotomy or Matter of Degree? -- 2.4.2 Dimension 2: Material or Functional? -- 2.4.3 Dimension 3: Individual or Collective? -- 2.4.4 Dimension 4: Minimal or Inclusive -- 2.4.5 Summary Discussion of the Dimensions -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Emergence, Construction, or Unlikely? Navigating the Space of Questions Regarding Life's Origins -- 3.1 How Can We Approach the Origins Quest(ion)? -- 3.2 Avian Circularities -- 3.3 Assuming That... -- 3.4 Unlikely -- 3.5 Construction -- 3.6 Emergence -- References -- Part II: Chemistry Approaches -- Chapter 4 The Origin of Metabolism and GADV Hypothesis on the Origin of Life -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 [GADV]-Amino Acids and Protein 0th-Order Structure -- 4.3 Exploration of the Initial Metabolism: The Origin of Metabolism.
4.3.1 From What Kind of Enzymatic Reactions Did the Metabolic System Originate? -- 4.3.2 What Kind of Organic Compounds Accumulated on the Primitive Earth -- 4.3.3 What Organic Compounds were Required for the First Life to Emerge? -- 4.4 From Reactions Using What Kind of Organic Compounds Did the Metabolism Originate? -- 4.4.1 Catalytic Reactions with What Kind of Organic Compounds Were Incorporated Into the Initial Metabolism? -- 4.4.2 Search for Metabolic Reactions Incorporated Into the Initial Metabolism -- 4.4.3 Syntheses of [GADV]-Amino Acids Leading to Produce [GADV]-Proteins/Peptides Were One of the Most Important Matters for the First Life -- 4.4.4 Nucleotide Synthetic Pathways were Integrated at the Second Phase in the Initial Metabolism -- 4.5 Discussion -- 4.5.1 Protein 0th-Order Structure Was the Key for Solving the Origin of Metabolism -- 4.5.2 Validity of GPG-Three Compounds Hypothesis on the Origin of Metabolism -- 4.5.3 Establishment of the Metabolic System and the Emergence of Life -- 4.5.4 The Emergence of Life Viewed from the Origin of Metabolism -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Chemical Automata at the Origins of Life -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theoretical Models -- 5.2.1 The Chemoton Model -- 5.2.2 Autopoiesis -- 5.2.3 Biotic Abstract Dual Automata -- 5.2.4 Automata and Diffusion-Controlled Reactions -- 5.2.5 Quasi-Species and Hypercycle -- 5.2.6 Computer Modeling -- 5.2.7 Two-Dimensional Automata -- 5.3 Experimental Approach -- 5.3.1 The Ingredients for Life -- 5.3.2 Capabilities Required for the Chemical Automata -- 5.3.2.1 Autonomy -- 5.3.2.2 Self-Ordering and Self-Organization -- 5.3.2.3 About Discriminating Aggregation -- 5.3.2.4 Autocatalysis and Competition -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 A Universal Chemical Constructor to Explore the Nature and Origin of Life -- 6.1 Introduction.
Chapter 9 When We Were Triangles: Shape in the Origin of Life via Abiotic, Shaped Droplets to Living, Polygonal Archaea During the Abiocene -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 What Correlates with Archaea Shape? Nothing! -- 9.1.2 Archaea's Place in the Tree of Life -- 9.1.3 The Discovery and Exploration of Shaped Droplets -- 9.1.4 Shaped Droplets as Protocells -- 9.1.5 Comparison of Shaped Droplets with Archaea -- 9.1.6 The S-Layer -- 9.1.7 The S-Layer as a Two-Dimensional Liquid with Fault Lines -- 9.1.8 The Analogy of the S-Layer to Bubble Rafts -- 9.1.9 Energy Minimization Model for the S-Layer in Polygonal Archaea -- 9.2 Discussion -- 9.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 Challenges and Perspectives of Robot Inventors that Autonomously Design, Build, and Test Physical Robots -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Physical Evolutionary-Developmental Robotics -- 10.2.1 Robotic Invention -- 10.2.2 Physical Morphology Adaptation -- 10.3 Falling Paper Design Experiments -- 10.3.1 Design-Behavior Mapping -- 10.3.2 More Variations of Paper Falling Patterns -- 10.3.3 Characterizing Falling Paper Behaviors -- 10.4 Evolutionary Dynamics of Collective Bernoulli Balloons -- 10.5 Discussions and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV: The Approach of Creating Life -- Chapter 11 Synthetic Cells: A Route Toward Assembling Life -- 11.1 Compartmentalization: Putting Life in a Box -- 11.2 The Making of Cell-Sized Giant Liposomes -- 11.3 Coacervate-Based Synthetic Cells -- 11.4 Adaptivity and Functionality in Synthetic Cells -- 11.5 Synthetic Cell Information Processing and Communication -- 11.6 Intracellular Information Processing: Making Decisions with All the Noise -- 11.7 Extracellular Communication: the Art of Talking and Selective Listening -- 11.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.
Chapter 12 Origin of Life from a Maker's Perspective-Focus on Protocellular Compartments in Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Unifying the Plausible Protocells in Line with the Crowded Cell -- 12.3 Self-Sustained Cycles of Growth and Division -- 12.4 Transport and Energy Generation at the Interface -- 12.4.1 Energy and Complexity -- 12.4.2 Energy Compartmentation -- 12.5 Synergistic Effects Towards the Origin of Life -- References -- Part V: When and Where Did Life Start? -- Chapter 13 A Nuclear Geyser Origin of Life: Life Assembly Plant -- Three-Step Model for the Emergence of the First Life on Earth and Cell Dynamics for the Coevolution of Life's Functions -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Natural Nuclear Reactor -- 13.2.1 Principle of a Natural Nuclear Reactor -- 13.2.2 Natural Nuclear Reactor in Gabon -- 13.2.3 Radiation Chemistry to Produce Organics -- 13.2.4 Hadean Natural Nuclear Reactor -- 13.3 Nuclear Geyser Model as a Birthplace of Life on the Hadean Earth -- 13.4 Nine Requirements for the Birthplace of Life -- 13.5 Three-Step Model for the Emergence of the First Life on Hadean Earth -- 13.5.1 The Emergence of the First Proto-Life -- 13.5.1.1 Domain I: Inorganics -- 13.5.1.2 Domain II: From Inorganic to Organic -- 13.5.1.3 Domain III: Production of More Advanced BBL -- 13.5.1.4 Domain IV: Passage Connecting Geyser Main Room with the Surface and Fountain Flow -- 13.5.1.5 Domain V: Production of BBL in an Oxidizing Wet-Dry Surface Environment -- 13.5.1.6 Domain VI: Birthplace of the First Proto-Life -- 13.5.1.7 Utilization of Metallic Proteins -- 13.5.2 The Emergence of the Second Proto-Life -- 13.5.2.1 Drastic Environmental Change from Step 1 to Step 2 -- 13.5.2.2 Biological Response from Step 1 to Step 2 -- 13.5.3 The Emergence of the Third Proto-Life, Prokaryote.
Özet:
Conflicting Models for the Origin of Life Conflicting Models for the Origin of Life provides a forum to compare and contrast the many hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the origin of life. There is a revolution brewing in the field of Origin of Life: in the process of trying to figure out how Life started, many researchers believe there is an impending second creation of life, not necessarily biological. Up-to-date understanding is needed to prepare us for the technological, and societal changes it would bring. Schrodinger's 1944 "What is life?" included the insight of an information carrier, which inspired the discovery of the structure of DNA. In "Conflicting Models of the Origin of Life" a selection of the world's experts are brought together to cover different aspects of the research: from progress towards synthetic life - artificial cells and sub-cellular components, to new definitions of life and the unexpected places life could (have) emerge(d). Chapters also cover fundamental questions of how memory could emerge from memoryless processes, and how we can tell if a molecule may have emerged from life. Similarly, cutting-edge research discusses plausible reactions for the emergence of life both on Earth and on exoplanets. Additional perspectives from geologists, philosophers and even roboticists thinking about the origin of life round out this volume. The text is a state-of-the-art snapshot of the latest developments on the emergence of life, to be used both in graduate classes and by citizen scientists. Audience Researchers in any area of astrobiology, as well as others interested in the origins of life, will find a modern and current review of the field and the current debates and obstacles. This book will clearly illustrate the current state-of-the-art and engage the imagination and creativity of experts across many disciplines.
Notlar:
John Wiley and Sons
Elektronik Erişim:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119555568Kopya:
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