Foreword xi Michel FEIDT -- Introduction xiii Michel FEIDT and Antonio VALERO-CAPILLA -- Chapter 1 From Equilibrium Thermodynamics to Irreversible Thermodynamics 1 Michel FEIDT -- 1.1 Recent emergence of thermodynamics: from heat to engines -- 1.1.1 Heat and temperature -- 1.1.2 Matter and chemical reactions -- 1.1.3 Mechanical energy -- 1.1.4 Heat-work equivalence -- 1.2 From engines to concepts (work by Carnot) -- 1.2.1 The steam engine and other engines -- 1.2.2 The Carnot cycle -- 1.2.3 Carnot efficiency -- 1.2.4 Engine power -- 1.3 From thermostatics to thermodynamics -- 1.3.1 The basics of thermodynamics -- 1.3.2 Thermodynamic transformation -- 1.3.3 Energy transfers and conversion -- 1.3.4 Generalization of cycle and efficiency concepts -- 1.4 Case study: the Carnot engine -- 1.4.1 Energy and entropy balances -- 1.4.2 Entropy production and energy efficiency -- 1.5 First conclusions and perspectives -- 1.6 References -- Chapter 2 Two-Heat-Source Thermodynamic Cycles: Representation as a Ternary Diagram 37 Julien RAMOUSSE -- 2.1 Introduction to two-heat-source systems -- 2.2 Definitions and convention -- 2.2.1 Work and heat -- 2.2.2 Sign convention -- 2.2.3 Heat source/sink -- 2.2.4 First-law balance -- 2.2.5 Second-law balance -- 2.3 Graphic representations -- state of the art -- 2.3.1 Q-T diagram -- 2.3.2 Borel and Favrat diagram -- 2.3.3 Raveau diagram -- 2.4 Ternary diagram -- 2.4.1 Ternary diagram representation -- 2.4.2 Interpretation using polar coordinates -- 2.5 Application examples -- 2.5.1 Endo-reversible (exo-irreversible) two-heat-source systems -- 2.5.2 Exo-reversible (endo-irreversible) two-heat-source systems -- 2.5.3 General case -- endo- and exo-irreversible systems -- 2.6 Conclusion and prospects -- 2.7 References -- Chapter 3 Thermodynamics with Finite Speed 79 Stoian PETRESCU and Monica COSTEA -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 First developments of TFS (1964-1974) -- 3.2.1 The origin of TFS -- 3.2.2 Fundamental concepts -- 3.2.3 The first law of thermodynamics for finite-speed processes in simple systems -- 3.2.4 First approach to Beau de Rochas and Otto's finite speed irreversible cycle -- 3.3 Developments of TFS during the period 1990-2007 -- 3.3.1 First law of thermodynamics for finite speed processes in complex closed systems -- 3.3.2 The direct method of TFS -- 3.4 Main achievements of TFS and the direct method -- 3.4.1 Modeling and optimization of the Stirling engine cycle -- 3.4.2 Optimization of the Carnot engine irreversible cycle -- 3.4.3 Effect of irreversibilities on the efficiency of the Beau de Rochas-Otto cycle at finite speed -- 3.4.4 Optimization of diesel cycle efficiency at finite speed -- 3.5 New developments and extension of TFS -- 3.6 International recognition of TFS and the direct method -- 3.7 Conclusion -- 3.8 References -- Chapter 4 Finite Physical Dimensions Thermodynamics 125 Michel FEIDT -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Carnot engine according to equilibrium thermodynamics -- 4.2.1 Equilibrium thermodynamics and heat losses -- 4.2.2 Exo-reversible Carnot engine (endo-irreversible) -- 4.2.3 Power of the exo-reversible Carnot engine -- 4.3 The Chambadal engine model (1957) -- 4.3.1 Optimization of the modified Chambadal engine without source-converter heat transfer coupling constraint -- 4.3.2 Optimization of the modified Chambadal engine, with the transfer entropy constraint -- 4.3.3 Section conclusion -- 4.4 The Curzon-Ahlborn model (1975) -- 4.4.1 Optimization of mechanical energy -- 4.4.2 Optimization of mechanical power -- 4.5 Finite speed thermodynamics -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Expression of the first law of thermodynamics for finite speed processes -- 4.5.3 Extension of the method -- 4.6 Finite physical dimensions optimal thermodynamics: case without coupling of sources and sinks with the converter -- 4.7 Finite physical dimensions optimal thermodynamics: case with source and sink coupling with the converter -- 4.7.1 Irreversible Carnot engine with finite source and sink -- 4.7.2 Irreversible Carnot engine with finite converter -- 4.8 Chapter conclusion -- 4.9 Appendix -- 4.10 References -- Chapter 5 Circular Thermoeconomics: A Waste Cost Accounting Theory 151 Antonio VALERO-CAPILLA and César TORRES -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Toward a general theory of process efficiency -- 5.1.2 Basic concepts -- 5.2 The exergy cost theory -- 5.2.1 The principle of non-equivalence of local irreversibilities -- 5.2.2 The cost formation process of waste -- 5.2.3 Waste flows cost allocation -- 5.2.4 Exergy cost computation -- 5.3 Structural theory of thermoeconomics -- 5.3.1 Marginal cost equations -- 5.3.2 Linear model of characteristic equations -- 5.4 Structural theory and exergy cost -- 5.4.1 The flow-process model -- 5.4.2 The characteristic equations of exergy cost theory -- 5.4.3 The fuel impact formula -- 5.4.4 Cost decomposition -- 5.4.5 Efficiency and recycling -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 5.5.1 The structural theory -- 5.5.2 Circular economy and industrial symbiosis -- 5.6 References -- Chapter 6 The Relative Free Energy Function: A New Approach to Thermoeconomic Diagnosis 215 Antonio VALERO-CAPILLA and César TORRES -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Drawbacks of exergy -- 6.3 The relative free energy function -- 6.4 h-s deterioration(s) path(s) of an energy system -- 6.5 The Legendre transform of a deterioration path -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 6.7 Epilogue -- 6.8 References -- List of Authors -- Index.