Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Organic Polymers: Past and the Present -- 1.1 Introduction and History of Polymers -- 1.2 Classification of Organic Polymers -- 1.3 Synthesis and Properties of Polymers -- 1.3.1 Polyamides -- 1.3.2 Nylon-6,6 -- 1.3.3 Nylon-6 -- 1.3.4 Polyesters -- 1.3.5 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) -- 1.3.6 Polycarbonates -- 1.3.7 Polyurethanes -- 1.3.7.1 Properties of Polyurethanes -- 1.3.8 Epoxy Resin -- 1.3.8.1 Properties of Epoxy Resin -- 1.3.9 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin -- 1.3.9.1 Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin -- 1.3.10 Polyethene -- 1.3.11 Coordination Polymerization -- 1.3.12 Polyvinylchloride -- 1.3.13 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) -- 1.3.14 Application of Natural Polymers -- 1.3.15 Application of Synthetic Polymers -- 1.3.16 Recent Advances in Organic Polymers -- 1.4 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Chapter 2 Basics of Polymerizations and Application Toward Organic Materials -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Preparation of Covalent Organic Framework (COF) -- 2.2.1 Hydrazone-Based COF -- 2.2.1.1 Boron-Containing COF -- 2.2.1.2 Imide-Based COF -- 2.2.1.3 Imine-Based COF -- 2.2.1.4 Azine-Based COF -- 2.2.1.5 sp2-Hybridized Carbon-Conjugated COF -- 2.2.2 Preparation of Covalent Triazine Framework (CTF) -- 2.2.3 Preparation of Hyper Cross-linked Polymers (HCP) -- 2.2.4 Preparation of Nitrogen-Containing Porous Organic Polymers -- 2.2.5 Preparation of Melamine-Formaldehyde (MF) Spheres -- 2.2.6 Preparation of Nitrogen-Rich Microporous Carbon -- 2.2.7 Preparation of Conjugated Microporous Polymer (CMP) -- 2.2.8 Synthesis of Organic Polymeric Membranes -- 2.3 Application Toward Organic Materials -- 2.3.1 Application of Porous Organic Polymers for Separation of Organic Gas -- 2.3.2 Catalytic Application of POPs.

2.3.2.1 Porphyrin-Based Functionalized POPs for Catalytic Application -- 2.3.2.2 Application of Chiral Porous Organic Polymer in Asymmetric Catalysis -- 2.3.3 Application of POPs as Adsorbent for Volatile Organic Compounds -- 2.3.4 Application of POPs for Chemical Sensor -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Organic Polymers Fabrication for Solar Cells -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Parameter that Describes the Effectiveness of Solar Cells -- 3.1.2 Generation of Solar Cells -- 3.2 Organic Solar Cells -- 3.2.1 General Considerations -- 3.2.2 Working Mechanism -- 3.2.3 Architecture of OSCs -- 3.2.4 Preparation Techniques -- 3.2.4.1 Spin Coating -- 3.2.4.2 Blade Coating -- 3.2.4.3 Inkjet Printing -- 3.3 The Role of Organic Polymers in Solar Cells and Their Recent Progress -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Supercapacitor Energy Storage Incorporating Conjugated Microporous Polymer -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Challenges -- 4.2 Microporous Polymer Material -- 4.3 Conclusion -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Chapter 5 Modification of Surface Properties of Polymeric Materials: Methodological Approaches and Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Physical Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.3 Chemical Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.4 Plasma Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.4.1 Addition of Functional Group on Polymer Surfaces -- 5.4.2 Introduction of Roughness on the Polymer Surface -- 5.4.3 Formation of Crosslinking -- 5.5 Corona Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.5.1 Modification in the Top Layer -- 5.5.2 Factors Affecting the Course and Effectiveness of Corona Treatment -- 5.5.2.1 Parameters Controlling Optimum Treatment -- 5.5.2.2 Remedies and Causes of Treatment by Reverse Lateral -- 5.5.2.3 Effects of Additives in Corona Treatment -- 5.5.2.4 Treatment Time -- 5.5.2.5 Aging.

5.6 UV Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.7 Surface Patterning Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.7.1 Instability-Induced Polymer Patterning -- 5.7.2 Patterning by Dewetting -- 5.7.3 Patterning by Evaporation -- 5.7.4 Patterning by Electric Field Gradient -- 5.7.5 Patterning by Thermal Gradient -- 5.7.6 Photolithography -- 5.7.7 Patterning by Block Copolymers -- 5.7.8 Microcontact Printing -- 5.7.9 Nanoimprinting Lithography -- 5.7.10 Laser Surface Texturing (LST) -- 5.8 Thermal Annealing Treatment for Polymer Surface Modification -- 5.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Organic Polymers as Potential Catalysts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Organic Polymer Photocatalysis (OPP) -- 6.1.2 The Mechanism of Photocatalysis -- 6.2 Recent Development of Porous Organic Polymer (POP) -- 6.3 Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-Based Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.3.1 MOFs Chemistry -- 6.3.2 Active Sites of MOFs for Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.3.3 Active Sites at Organic Linkers -- 6.3.4 MOFs-Based Composites for Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.3.5 MOF-Molecular Species Composites -- 6.3.6 MOF-Metal Nanoparticle Composites -- 6.3.7 MOF-Polyoxometalate Composites -- 6.3.8 MOF-Enzyme Composites -- 6.3.9 MOF-Based Heterogeneous Polymerization Catalysts -- 6.4 Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) -- 6.5 Coordination Polymerization -- 6.6 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)-Based Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.6.1 COFs Chemistry -- 6.6.2 Structural Origins of COFs for Various Heterogeneous Catalyses -- 6.6.3 Classification of COFs-Based Catalyst -- 6.6.4 Applications of COFs as Heterogeneous Catalyst -- 6.6.4.1 COFs with Reactive Skeletons for Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.6.4.2 COFs with Reactive Pendant Groups for Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.6.4.3 COFs with Reactive Metals for Heterogeneous Catalysis.

6.6.4.4 COFs with Molecular Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.7 Polymer-Based Homogeneous Catalysis -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Environmental Fate of Water-Soluble Cellulosic-Polymer-Based Composites -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Starch: A Widely Known Water-Soluble Polymer -- 7.2.1 Structure of Starch -- 7.2.2 Advantages and Drawbacks of Starch as a Polymer -- 7.2.3 Modification of Starch -- 7.2.3.1 Grafting -- 7.2.3.2 Blending -- 7.2.3.3 Crosslinking Agent -- 7.2.3.4 Plasticizers -- 7.2.3.5 Use of Nanofillers -- 7.3 Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) -- 7.3.1 Structure and Synthesis -- 7.3.2 Advantages of CMC -- 7.3.3 Drawbacks of CMC -- 7.3.4 Modification of CMC -- 7.4 Properties of Water-Soluble Polymer-Based Composites -- 7.4.1 Mechanical Properties -- 7.4.2 Thermal Resistance Properties -- 7.4.3 Water Resistance and Dimensional Properties -- 7.4.4 Chemical Resistance Properties -- 7.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 8 Future Roadmap of Organic Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Hypercross-linked Polymers (HCPs) -- 8.1.2 Aromatic Frameworks with Pores (PAFs) -- 8.1.3 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) -- 8.2 Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity -- 8.2.1 Water Purification -- 8.2.2 Catalysis -- 8.2.3 Supercapacitors -- 8.2.4 Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water -- 8.2.5 Template Synthesis Methods of Porous Organic Polymers -- 8.2.6 Reaction Elaborated in the Chemical Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers -- 8.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Covalent-Organic Frameworks (COF): An Advanced Generation of Reticular Organic Polymers for Energy and Environmental Applications -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Synthesis -- 9.3 COFs as Thin Films -- 9.4 Polygon Skeletons -- 9.5 Pore Engineering -- 9.5.1 Pore Design -- 9.5.2 Increasing the Vulnerability of the Active Sites.

9.5.3 Pore Surface Engineering for Environmental Application -- 9.6 Thermal Stability -- 9.7 Advantages Over Conventional Polymers -- 9.8 Backbone Modifications -- 9.8.1 Linkage Conversion -- 9.8.2 Linker Changing -- 9.9 Functional Group Changes -- 9.9.1 Inverse Vulcanization -- 9.9.2 Thiol-ene Rx -- 9.10 COFs on Different Scales -- 9.11 Terracotta Process -- 9.12 Pyrolysis of COFs -- 9.13 COFs in Mitigation of Pollutants and Organic Dyes -- 9.14 COFs for Energy Applications -- 9.14.1 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) -- 9.14.2 Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) -- 9.14.3 Oxygen reduction Reaction (ORR) -- 9.14.4 Bifunctional OER/ORR Catalysts -- 9.14.5 Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction (CO2RR) -- 9.15 COFs in Batteries and Supercapacitors -- 9.16 Batteries -- 9.16.1 COFs as Electrode Materials -- 9.16.2 Battery Additives and Functional Separators -- 9.17 Supercapacitors -- 9.18 Electrochemical Sensors -- 9.19 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) -- 9.19.1 Low-Temperature Conductivity -- 9.19.2 Degradation -- 9.20 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 A Multifunctional Polymer - POLYOX - and Its Uses as a Novel Drug-Delivery System -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Grades of POLYOX -- 10.2 Advantages of Using POLYOX -- 10.3 Physical and Chemical Constituents -- 10.3.1 Pharmaceutical Property -- 10.3.2 Characteristics -- 10.4 Release Mechanism -- 10.5 Ocular Drug Administration -- 10.5.1 POLYOX in Osmotic Pump Systems -- 10.6 Drug Delivery for the Gastroretentive System -- 10.7 Film with a Fast Turnaround Time -- 10.8 Extended Duration of Effect -- 10.9 Regulatory Aspects of POLYOX -- 10.10 The Consistency of POLYOX -- 10.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Green Synthesis of Polymers and Its Application in Industry -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Polymer -- 11.2.1 Naturally Occurring Polymer -- 11.2.1.1 Natural Polymer Examples.