Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part 1. Cognitive Aid as a Gateway -- Introduction to Part 1 -- Chapter 1. Defining a Cognitive Aid -- 1.1. Cognitive aid as a support device for mental activity -- 1.1.1. The birth of cognitive aids: from aeronautics to the hospital sector -- 1.1.2. Contributions of cognitive aids in the medical field -- 1.1.3. Limitations in the use of medical cognitive aids -- 1.2. Cognitive aid defined as an instrument -- 1.2.1. Utility of the cognitive aid -- 1.2.2. Ease of use of the cognitive aid -- 1.3. Gateway function -- Chapter 2. Cognitive Aid: A Gateway Between the Individual and their Environment -- 2.1. The cognitive system: knowledge in the head and in the environment -- 2.2. Cognitive aid as a psychological instrument -- 2.2.1. The vortex in emergency medicine -- 2.2.2. The structuring effect of psychological instruments -- 2.2.3. A gateway between internal and external cognition: "DansMaBlouse" app -- 2.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 3. Routing Analytical Thinking to Support Intuition -- 3.1. Intuitive thinking: vulnerable thinking -- 3.1.1. Activation of the knowledge network: priming -- 3.1.2. Reinforcement of certain connections -- 3.1.3. Heuristics -- 3.1.4. Cognitive biases -- 3.1.5. Affordance-based behavior -- 3.2. The power of analytical thinking -- 3.2.1. Natural language and analytical thinking -- 3.3. Formal logic to elucidate reasoning -- 3.3.1. Navigating towards analytical thinking without assistance -- 3.3.2. Routing analytical resources through cognitive aid -- 3.4. Conclusion -- Chapter 4. Routing Intuitive Thinking to Support Analysis -- 4.1. The vulnerability of analytical thinking -- 4.1.1. The impact of uncertainty on analytical thinking -- 4.1.2. The impact of short-term memory on analytical thinking.

4.1.3. The effects of the physiological state on short-term memory -- 4.2. The power of intuitive thinking -- 4.2.1. Gut feeling -- 4.2.2. Expertise: knowledge schemas for addressing ill-defined problems -- 4.2.3. Heuristics to adapt to the environment -- 4.2.4. Chunks to surpass the capacity of short-term memory -- 4.3. Slowness and risks in accessing intuitive resources unaided -- 4.4. Access to intuition thanks to cognitive aids -- 4.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Routing Prescribed Tasks to Support the Actual Activity -- 5.1. Guidelines from domain experts -- 5.1.1. Standardizing healthcare practices -- 5.1.2. Transitioning from guidelines to cognitive aids -- 5.2. Instructions from hospital managers -- 5.2.1. Cognitive aids for organizational functioning -- 5.2.2. An example of cognitive aid to care for and manage: the PsyStart system -- 5.3. Care: a system with tight coupling -- 5.3.1. A coupling to be developed -- 5.3.2. A nonlinear and uncertain causal relationship -- 5.3.3. A workspace characterized by high variability -- 5.3.4. Resilience provided by loose coupling -- 5.3.5. Risks of considering care as tight coupling: the case of alarms -- 5.3.6. An example of aid for loose coupling: the welcome sheet in emergency rooms -- 5.3.7. Coupling nuances in the health field -- 5.4. Conclusion -- Part 2. Cognitive Aid as a Turing Machine -- Introduction to Part 2 -- Chapter 6. Analyzing the Work Domain to Design a Tape -- 6.1. An ecological interface for supervising an emergency service department -- 6.2. The techniques of work domain analysis -- 6.2.1. Delineating the work domain -- 6.2.2. Abstraction hierarchy -- 6.2.3. The Delphi technique: consulting domain experts -- 6.2.4. Constraints on the content of a cognitive aid -- 6.2.5. Constraints on the material form of a cognitive aid.

6.2.6. Part of the environment as a cognitive aid: a triage station in the emergency department -- 6.2.7. Ergonomic evaluation tools for content and format -- 6.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 7. Task Analysis for Designing a Network of States -- 7.1. Task analysis techniques -- 7.2. Designing a fast and frugal tree -- 7.2.1. Designing an ad hoc decision tree -- 7.2.2. A decision tree for medical-psychological reception of refugees -- 7.3. Designing a communication protocol -- 7.3.1. Inter-individual communication protocol -- 7.3.2. Protocol in teamwork -- 7.4. Designing the operation procedure for using a cognitive aid -- 7.4.1. Typical operating modes -- 7.4.2. Distribution of operating procedures within the team -- 7.4.3. Degree of coupling in the use of cognitive aids -- 7.4.4. Attentional constraints in the use of cognitive aids -- 7.4.5. Recommendations for designing a network of states -- 7.4.6. Operating modes observed in real-world activity -- 7.4.7. Evaluation of cognitive aid usage -- 7.5. Conclusion -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Other titles from ISTE in Health Engineering and Society -- EULA.