Preface -- Chapter 1. Simulation -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Advantages of simulation -- 1.2.1. Compressed time experimentation -- 1.2.2. Reduced analytical requirements -- 1.2.3. Easy to demonstrate models -- 1.3. Disadvantages of simulation -- 1.4. Concepts relating to simulation -- 1.4.1. System concept -- 1.4.2. Model and modeling -- 1.5. Components of a simulation model -- 1.5.1. Entities -- 1.5.2. Attributes -- 1.5.3. Variables -- 1.5.4. Resources -- 1.5.5. Waiting queues -- 1.5.6. Statistical accumulators and performance measures -- 1.5.7. Event, activity and process -- 1.6. Basic principles of system representation -- 1.6.1. Standard flowchart symbols -- 1.6.2. Flowchart example -- 1.7. Manual simulation -- 1.7.1. Calculation of average total time -- 1.7.2. Calculation of average waiting time -- 1.7.3. Calculation of average resource utilization.