Foreword xi Michel GRÉGOIRE -- Chapter 1 The Earth's Mantle: Phase Diagrams and Mineralogical Composition 1 Jean-Philippe PERRILLAT -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Phase relationships: experiments and models -- 1.3 Minerals in the Earth's mantle -- 1.4 Phase diagrams of ultra basic rocks, seismic discontinuities and mantle dynamics -- 1.5 Phase diagram of subducted basalts and fate of plates in the deep mantle -- 1.6 D" zone and bridgmanite-post-perovskite transition -- 1.7 Conclusion -- 1.8 References -- Chapter 2 Seismology of the Earth's Mantle 33 Stéphanie DURAND, Benoît TAUZIN and Éric DEBAYLE -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The architecture of the mantle: seismic discontinuities -- 2.3 The drapery: three-dimensional variations of seismic velocities -- 2.4 Mantle flow and partial melting: seismic anisotropy and attenuation -- 2.5 References -- Chapter 3 The Deep Hydrogen Cycle 83 Nathalie BOLFAN-CASANOVA and Bertrand MOINE -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The origin of terrestrial water -- 3.4 Hydrothermal weathering on the ocean floor -- 3.5 References -- Chapter 4 The Role of Volatile CO2 -H2O Species in the Melting of the Earth's Mantle 115 Malcolm MASSUYEAU and Tahar HAMMOUDA -- 4.1 Presence and storage of carbon and hydrogen in the upper mantle -- 4.2 Effects of CO2 and H2O on melting temperatures in the Earth's peridotitic mantle -- 4.3 Composition of mantle magmas in the presence of CO2 and H2O -- 4.4 Impact of CO2 and H2O on the mantle's geophysical signatures -- 4.5 References -- Chapter 5 Oxygen Fugacity in the Mantle 147 Alan B. WOODLAND -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Equilibria with iron oxides -- 5.3 The significance of oxygen fugacity -- 5.4 The ƒO2 importance for processes in the Earth's interior -- 5.5 Determining the ƒO2 content of a rock -- 5.6 The ƒO2 of the upper mantle (lithospheric) -- 5.7 Redox conditions in the deep mantle -- 5.8 A final word -- 5.9 References -- Chapter 6 Elasticity and Composition of the Earth's Mantle 193 Tiziana BOFFA-BALLARAN -- 6.1 Elasticity -- 6.2 Elastic waves -- 6.3 Polycrystalline materials -- 6.4 Experimental techniques -- 6.5 Models of the Earth's interior -- 6.6 References -- Chapter 7 Earth's Mantle Rheology 221 Sylvie DEMOUCHY and Patrick CORDIER -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ductile deformation: mechanisms -- 7.3 Observables -- 7.4 Methodological approaches -- 7.5 Deformation in the upper mantle -- 7.6 Deformation in the mantle transition zone -- 7.7 Deformation in the lower mantle -- 7.8 Conclusion -- 7.9 References -- Chapter 8 Laboratory Measurements of Electrical Conductivity and their Applications to Planetary Interiors 249 Geeth MANTHILAKE -- 8.1 Theoretical background -- 8.2 Laboratory measurements of electrical conductivity -- 8.3 Laboratory measurements of electrical conductivity -- 8.4 Electrical conductivity of a composite medium -- 8.5 Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of planetary materials -- 8.6 The modeling of electrical conductivity data for planetary applications -- 8.7 References -- List of Authors -- Index.