Front Cover -- Plant Transcription Factors -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- About the editors -- Preface -- I. Plant transcription factors (TFs) and general aspects -- 1 Plant transcription factors: an overview of their role in plant life -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Transcription factors and plant life -- 1.3 Transcription factors and stress responses -- 1.4 Transcription factors and secondary metabolism -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Adaptation of millets to arid land: a special perspective of transcription factors -- Highlights -- Abbreviations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Distribution of arid land in India and world -- 2.3 Millets: climate-smart nutri-cereals -- 2.4 Stress as a limiting factor for crops in the arid zones -- 2.5 Responses of millets to abiotic stresses -- 2.6 Transcription factors: smart regulators of stress tolerance in millets -- 2.6.1 WRKY -- 2.6.2 DOF -- 2.6.3 ERF/DREB -- 2.6.4 NAC -- 2.6.5 bHLH -- 2.6.6 ASR -- 2.6.7 bZIP -- 2.6.8 MYB -- 2.6.9 SBPs -- 2.6.10 Other transcription factors -- 2.7 Harnessing the potential of millet transcription factors -- 2.8 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Declaration of competing interests -- Author contribution -- References -- II. Plant TFs and development -- 3 Plant transcription factors and root development -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Plant root architecture and development -- 3.3 Transcription factors involved in plant root development -- 3.3.1 Root apical meristem -- 3.3.1.1 WOX TFs and RAM development -- 3.3.1.2 AP2/ERF TFs and RAM development -- 3.3.1.3 GRAS TFs and RAM development -- 3.3.1.4 Negative regulator of root apical meristem -- 3.3.2 Lateral roots -- 3.3.2.1 NAC TFs and lateral root development -- 3.3.2.2 KNOX gene family and lateral root development -- 3.3.2.3 MADS Box TFs and lateral root growth.

3.3.2.4 Negative regulator of lateral root development -- 3.3.3 Root hair -- 3.3.3.1 bHLH TFs and root development -- 3.3.3.2 MYB TFs and root hair development -- 3.3.3.3 Negative regulators of root hair formation -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 The roles of transcription factors in the development of plant meristems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Shoot apical meristem -- 4.3 Axillary meristem -- 4.4 Flower meristem -- 4.5 Intercalary meristem -- 4.6 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Author contributions -- References -- 5 Transcription factors and their role in leaf senescence -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Identification of transcription factor families in senescing leaf transcriptome -- 5.3 Characterization of leaf senescence related TFs families -- 5.3.1 No apical meristem (NAM), ATAF1/2, CUP-shaped cotyledon 2 (CUC2) (NAC) TF -- 5.3.2 WRKY TF -- 5.3.3 APETALA2/Ethylene-responsive element binding protein (AP2/EREBP) superfamily -- 5.3.4 Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs -- 5.3.5 MYB TFs -- 5.3.6 Auxin response factor and Auxin/INDOLE-3-acetic acid TFs -- 5.3.7 DNA binding-with-one-finger (DOF) proteins -- 5.3.8 PSEUDO-response regulators TF -- 5.3.9 VQ TF family -- 5.3.10 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs -- 5.3.11 Homodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) TFs -- 5.3.12 Plant A/T-rich sequence and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) TF -- 5.3.13 Growth-regulating factors (GRFS) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFS) -- 5.3.14 Teosinte branched 1, Cycloidea, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen binding factor (TCP) TFS -- 5.3.15 Homeobox (HB) TFs -- 5.3.16 C3H (Zn) TFs -- 5.3.17 GRAS TFs -- 5.3.18 CCAAT box-binding TFs -- 5.3.19 Heat shock factor TFs -- 5.3.20 MADS TFs -- 5.3.21 GOLDEN 2, ARR-B, PSR 1 (GARP) family TFs -- 5.3.22 TRIHELIX TFs -- 5.3.23 Arabidopsis response regulator TFs.

5.3.24 Lateral organ boundaries/asymmetric leaves 2 -- 5.3.25 Early flowering 3 (ELF3) TF -- 5.3.26 Ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3)-like (EIL) TFS -- 5.3.27 Brinsensitive 1 (BRI1)-EMS-Suppressor1 (BES1) TF -- 5.3.28 Calmodulin-binding transcription activator -- 5.3.29 TIFY TFs -- 5.3.30 B-box zinc finger TFs -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Plant transcription factors in light-regulated development and UV-B protection -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Transcription factors families involved in light-regulated processes -- 6.1.1.1 Basic helix-loop-helix family -- 6.1.1.2 Basic leucine zipper family -- 6.1.1.3 MYB family -- 6.1.1.4 Zinc finger proteins -- 6.1.1.5 WRKY -- 6.1.1.6 TCP -- 6.1.2 Transcription factors associated with visible light-mediated development in plants -- 6.1.3 Transcriptional regulation of UV-B signaling in plants -- 6.1.3.1 UV-B signaling and photomorphogenesis -- 6.1.3.2 UV stress response in plants -- 6.1.4 Structural and functional evolution of light-responsive plant transcription factors -- 6.1.5 Role of light-regulated transcription factors in other signaling pathways -- 6.2 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Tomato fruit development through the perspective of transcription factors -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Transcription factors in tomato -- 7.3 MYB transcription factors -- 7.4 MADS transcription factor -- 7.5 Other transcription factors -- 7.6 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 8 Plant transcription factors and nodule development -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 CCaMK/CYCLOPS complex -- 8.3 AP2-ERF transcription factor (ERN1 and ERN2) -- 8.4 GRAS transcription factor -- 8.4.1 Nodulation signaling pathway 1/2 (NSP1 and NSP2) -- 8.5 SymSCL1 -- 8.6 NIN and NIN-like proteins -- 8.7 Structure of NIN and NLPs.

8.8 Regulation of NIN for rhizobial infection in the epidermis by CYCLOPS -- 8.9 Regulation of NIN by cytokinin-response elements for cell divisions in the pericycle -- 8.10 NIN: a master regulator of nodulation -- 8.11 NIN as a negative regulator in systemic control of nodulation -- 8.12 NIN as a positive regulator in systemic control of nodulation -- 8.12.1 Lob-domain protein16 -- 8.12.2 Nodulation pectate lyase 1 -- 8.13 Rhizobium-directed polar growth -- 8.14 Nuclear factor Y -- 8.14.1 Short internodes/stylish -- 8.15 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Declaration of competing interest -- Contribution -- References -- III. Plant TFs and metabolism -- 9 The regulatory aspects of plant transcription factors in alkaloids biosynthesis and pathway modulation -- Abbreviations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Plant transcription factor families involved in alkaloid biosynthesis regulation -- 9.2.1 APETALA2/ethylene response factor -- 9.2.2 Basic helix-loop-helix -- 9.2.3 Basic leucine zipper -- 9.2.4 Cys2/His2-type (transcription factor IIIA-type) zinc-finger protein family/Zinc-finger Catharanthus protein (ZCT) family -- 9.2.5 Myeloblastosis -- 9.2.6 WRKY -- 9.2.7 Other transcription factors -- 9.3 Transcription factor-mediated modulation of alkaloid biosynthesis pathways -- 9.3.1 Overexpression -- 9.3.2 Downregulation -- 9.3.2.1 RNA-interference -- 9.3.2.2 Virus-induced gene silencing -- 9.3.3 CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing -- 9.4 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Plant transcription factors and flavonoid metabolism -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Plant flavonoids, major subclasses, and biosynthesis -- 10.3 Transcription factor families associated with plant flavonoid metabolism -- 10.3.1 Role of basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors in plant flavonoid metabolism.

10.3.2 MYB transcription factor family and plant flavonoid metabolism -- 10.3.3 WD40 transcription factors and plant flavonoid metabolism -- 10.3.4 Role of basic leucine-zipper transcription factors in plant flavonoid metabolism -- 10.3.5 Role of WRKY transcription factors in plant flavonoid metabolism -- 10.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Demystifying the role of transcription factors in plant terpenoid biosynthesis -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biosynthesis of terpenoids -- 11.2.1 Biosynthesis of basic terpenoids precursor (MVA and MEP pathway) -- 11.2.2 Biosynthesis of isoprenoid intermediates -- 11.2.3 Biosynthesis of terpenes by terpene synthases -- 11.2.3.1 Hemiterpenes -- 11.2.3.2 Monoterpenes -- 11.2.3.3 Sesquiterpenes -- 11.2.3.4 Diterpenes -- 11.2.3.5 Triterpenes -- 11.3 Regulation of terpenoids -- 11.3.1 WRKY -- 11.3.2 MYB -- 11.3.3 bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) -- 11.3.4 AP2/ERF -- 11.3.5 bZIP -- 11.3.6 SPL, YABBY, and other TFs -- 11.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 12 The regulatory circuit of iron homeostasis in rice: a tale of transcription factors -- Highlights -- Abbreviations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Iron uptake and transport -- 12.3 Major transcription factors involved in iron homeostasis -- 12.3.1 Regulation of Fe deficiency -- 12.3.1.1 bHLHs -- 12.3.1.2 WRKY -- 12.3.1.3 NAC -- 12.3.1.4 Auxin response factor family -- 12.3.4 Regulation of Fe toxicity -- 12.3.4.1 WRKY family -- 12.4 Regulation of the regulators -- 12.4.1 Epigenetic regulation -- 12.4.2 Regulation at the transcriptional level -- 12.4.3 Regulation at the post-transcriptional level -- 12.4.4 Regulation at the post-translational level -- 12.4.5 Regulation by plant hormones -- 12.5 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Author contribution -- References -- IV. Plant TFs and Stress -- 13 Impact of transcription factors in plant abiotic stress: a recent advancement for crop improvement.