This textbook offers essential basic information on cell biology, with a special focus on the connection between cell biology and general medicine and dentistry. The chapters cover key topics including methods of cell biology, cell structure and organelles, macromolecules and their biochemistry, membrane transport and dynamics, signal transduction, the cytoskeleton, and cell communication. Special sections highly relevant for medicine and dentistry students address muscle contraction, biomineralization, and the formation of dentin and enamel. The book concludes with insights into cell division, apoptosis, and viral replication, thus providing a solid foundation for understanding the cellular basis of health and disease. This textbook is aimed at students of biomedicine who wish to obtain or refresh a solid background in cell biology, as well as for medical and dentistry students who wish to supplement their molecular and cell biology courses and bring this knowledge into the medical context.