This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics, CALDAM 2024, held in Bhilai, India during February 15-17, 2024. The 22 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Algorithms and Complexity; Computational Geometry; Discrete Applied Mathematics; Graph Algorithms; Graph Theory.