This book constitutes selected and revised papers from the 23rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Supercomputer Technologies, MMST 2023, held in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, during November 13-16 2023. The 18 full papers and 7 short papers presented in the volume were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 45 submissions. They are organized in topical sections as follows: computational methods for mathematical models analysis; computation in optimization and optimal control; artificial intelligence and supercomputer simulation.