The two-volume open access book set LNCS 14576 + 14577 constitutes the proceedings of the 33rd European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2024, which was held during April 6-11, 2024, in Luxemburg, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2024. The 25 full papers and 1 fresh perspective paper presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Effects and modal types; bidirectional typing and session types; dependent types; Part II: Quantum programming and domain-specific languages; verification; program analysis; abstract interpretation.