The book focused on the basic bottleneck issues in the ship uncertainty-based design optimization. Based on the concepts of robustness and reliability design, uncertainty classification, uncertainty modeling, uncertainty analysis and propagation methods were systematically explained, revealing the influence mechanism and rules of multi-source aleatory and epistemic uncertainty on ship design. Finally, a hull form design optimization method with mixed uncertainty was established. The theory of uncertainty design optimization is not yet mature, and this book gives a detailed introduction. The illustrations and tables in this book compared the differences between uncertainty-based optimization and traditional deterministic optimization, reflecting the advantages of uncertainty optimization. This book will be a useful reference for researchers and engineers in the field of ship design.