This book shows how and why quality assurance programmes should be implemented in laboratory rodent facilities to monitor animal health and genetic status. It covers common practice to assure the desired level of microbiological and genetic surveillance of both genetically standardized and genetically altered laboratory mice and rats. In particular, the book introduces readers to the standardized genetic nomenclature and provides step-by-step protocols for genetic monitoring of the animals. International standards of health monitoring programs are discussed and statistical aspects thereof are explored. Furthermore, the book reviews common infectious diseases in laboratory rodents and guides the reader in monitoring the animals' health status through application of current diagnostic methods. This book adresses researchers, technicians and zookeepers working in laboratory rodent facilities.