This book is a comprehensive and full-fledged presentation of how modern algorithmic tools and techniques with software implementations can provide an effective and efficient solution of a multitude of problems faced in real life. These problems range from all kinds of data analyses, medical data analyses, image analyses and recognitions, support of medical diagnoses, etc. to new concepts of smart towns and other environments. Emphasis will be on the role of intelligent systems and artificial intelligence and a synergistic collaboration between human beings and computer systems. Modern decision support systems are a main focus point.