The book delves into innovations in AI and related computing paradigms for disease detection and diagnosis. The collected chapters elucidate the use of a variety of AI and related methodologies to address specific medical challenges. From detecting pancreatic cancer, classifying micro-emboli in stroke diagnosis, to segmenting brain tumours from MRI data, and more, the culmination of these studies underscores the transformative impact AI and digital technologies can have on healthcare, emphasising their potential to enhance medical treatment and improve patient care.