This book reports on original approaches intended to support the development of biologically inspired cognitive architectures. It bridges together different disciplines, including artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuro- and social sciences, psychology and philosophy of mind, among others. The chapters are based on contributions presented at the 2024 Annual International Conference on Brain-Inspired Cognitive Architectures for Artificial Intelligence (the 15th Annual Meeting of the BICA Society, BICA*AI 2024), organized in collaboration with the 17th Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI 2024) and held on August 13-16, 2024, in Seattle, WA, USA. They cover emerging methods, theories and ideas towards the realization of general-purpose humanlike artificial intelligence or fostering a better understanding of the ways the human mind works. All in all, this book provides engineers, mathematicians, psychologists, computer scientists and other experts with a timely snapshot of recent research and a source of inspiration for future developments in the broadly intended areas of artificial intelligence and biological inspiration.