This book addresses the health status of both mothers and children, highlighting acute malnutrition through anthropometric indices such as weight-for-height, weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI. Divided into four sections, it provides an overview of public health and nutrition, presents the state-of-the-art situation in South and South-east Asia, and analyzes real-life data on public health and nutrition not only from India and Bangladesh but also from other countries in South and South-east Asia. The book covers insightful analyses of child nutrition, maternal health, and socioeconomic factors, with an emphasis on maternal empowerment, health-seeking behavior, and healthcare accessibility in diverse contexts. The book also addresses topics such as identification of potential genes for prostate cancer, and quality of life and living arrangements of ageing population. The book is relevant for researchers in the fields of biostatistics, anthropology, demography, health, medicine, and planning, interested in understanding public health and nutrition in South Asia, especially in India and Bangladesh.