This book is a comprehensive resource that handles the issues of sustainable agriculture and natural resource management, aligned with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The book is organized into five sections, Understanding the Problem, Data Collection and Cleaning, Exploratory Data Analysis and Visualization, Model Building, and Model Deployment. Each section covers a critical aspect of data science in this context and addresses specific SDGs 2-zero hunger, 6-clean water and sanitation, 12-responsible consumption and production, 13-climate action, and 15-Life on land. The organized sections are arranged to seamlessly follow the data science pipeline and provide practical guidance from problem understanding to its model deployment and stakeholder management. The book is useful for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers.