This updated and extended second edition provides a comprehensive overview on biotechnological applications of unicellular and multicellular fungi in a variety of industrial settings. Each chapter is dedicated to applications and potential beneficial use of particular strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi and their produced biomolecules, ranging from glycerol to carotenoids. This new edition further includes a brand-new chapter on lactic acid production in yeast. Targeted genetic and metabolic engineering of fungi allows production of native and transgenic enzymes and proteins in industrial scales. Those most prominently find application in biorefineries for the production of value-added chemicals and biofuels, in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in biomedicine. This volume addresses researchers from both academia and industry, and graduate students working in microbial biotechnology.