This edited volume addresses the critical need to balance biodiversity preservation with ensuring a nutritious and ample food supply for the growing global population. It emphasizes how conserving biodiversity enhances agricultural resilience, promotes sustainable food production, and safeguards food security for present and future generations. The book explores the complex interdependence between biodiversity and food security, identifying both challenges and threats, presenting solutions and strategies, and examining the roles of policies, governance, regulations, and international agreements. It highlights the importance of fostering research and raising awareness to promote sustainable agricultural practices, biodiversity conservation, and equitable resource access essential for long-term food security. The book includes real-world case studies and examples from different regions to demonstrate successful initiatives and the impact of biodiversity conservation on local food systems. This book provides a platform for researchers, conservationists, and policymakers to exchange knowledge and ideas on integrating biodiversity conservation into food security initiatives. It is a compilation of information by the experts and will be useful for researchers in the fields of botany, agriculture, nutrition, policy making and biotechnology.