This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Arithmetic of Finite Fields, WAIFI 2024, held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, during June 10-12, 2024. The 17 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Invited talks; Coding theory; Cryptography and Boolean functions; and Postquantum Cryptography.