This book provides a comprehensive overview of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and its impact on various aspects of cancer biology, including DNA damage response, genome instability, tumor immunity, non-coding RNA regulation, metabolic regulation of CAR-T cell function, and angiogenesis. It explores the regulation and therapeutic potential of hypoxia-inducible factors, as well as strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy by targeting the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and Medical science professionals interested in understanding the complex interplay between hypoxia and cancer biology.