This book discusses growing environmental threats posed by air and water pollution, exploring their causes, impacts, and potential solutions. It covers a range of pollutants, from solid and liquid to gaseous and energy-based, while offering a clear analysis of their origins and effects. The chapters examine the global impact of pollution, highlighting the interconnectedness of air and water pollution and their combined effects on ecosystems and human health. It also discusses economic, social, and health-related costs along with practical solutions for pollution management. This book serves as a valuable resource for environmentalists, policymakers, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as anyone looking to deepen their understanding of environmental challenges.