This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Brain Informatics, BI 2024, which was held in Bangkok, Thailand, during December 13-15, 2024. The 35 full papers and 17 workshop papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 126 submissions. These papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Pat I- Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Brain Science; Investigations of Human Information Processing Systems; Brain Big Data Analytics, Curation and Management; Informatics Paradigms for Brain and Mental Health Research; Brain-Machine Intelligence and Brain-Inspired Computing. Part II- The International Workshop on Generative AI Empowers Brain Signal Processing (GAIEBSP 2024); The International Workshop on Web Intelligence meets Brain Informatics (WImeetsBI 2024); The 4th Workshop on Environmental Adaptation and Mental Health (EAMH 2024); The International Workshop on Application of Artificial Intelligence and Innovative Technologies in Brain Informatics and Health (AAIITBIH 2024); The International Workshop on Reconstruction and Modeling of the Brain at the Single-Cell Level (RMBSCL 2024); The International Workshop on Mesoscopic Brain-wide Connectivity Atlas in Brainsmatics (MBCAB 2024); The 4th Special Session on Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Unveiling the Brain: From the Black-Box to the Glass-Box (XAIB 2024); The International Workshop on Elucidation of Mechanistic Information using Neuroimaging for Psychiatric Disorders (EMINPD 2024).