This book bridges the gap of basic research in male reproductive biology and its relationship to clinical studies. Bringing together a group of senior investigators with decades of experience in research and clinical investigation and keen interest in collaboration between the two areas, this book provides a balanced treatment of technical and basic research insights and cutting-edge findings, while introducing new ideas for clinical applications of this research. Section I is devoted to clinical aspects including testis biology, prostate biology, and spermatogenesis by senior investigators of male infertility treatment, particularly non-obstructive azoospermia. Section II presents the latest findings in male reproductive biology from a basic research perspective, as well as covering cutting-edge technology such as scRNA-Seq, scATAC-Seq, DNA chromatic accessibility and organization studies, genetic models, cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry on testis biology, and spermatogenesis. This book offers not only a cohesive summary of new findings and concepts in basic and clinical male reproductive research, it analyzes and assembles these concepts into a roadmap for the next decade of translational research, bringing lab discoveries to the bedside.