Drug delivery by injecting them through arteries poses unique challenges. The first attempts to treat malignant brain tumors by arterial injections were undertaken soon after World War II. Yet, the applications of arterial delivery in treating neurological diseases have not advanced significantly over the last seventy years. Although arterial drug delivery is used to treat several neurological conditions, its applications, other than for localization of brain functions, remain experimental and are unproven in robust scientific studies. Over the last two decades, interventional radiology has significantly advanced by developing catheter-based devices, but arterial drug development has largely been ignored. This book makes the case for arterial drug development. Unless drugs are developed explicitly for arterial injections, the vast potential of arterial treatments of neurological diseases will remain untapped. This multi-author book brings together experienced researchers and clinicians to investigate various applications of arterial drug delivery for treating neurological diseases. It's an essential resource for various medical subspecialties related to the field and to advance pharmacological and clinical research with this mode of drug delivery.