This book is the second in the series Advanced System Development Technologies: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. As in the previous volume, the sections of the book are grouped into three directions: optoelectronic technologies, medical technologies, and technological support. The prerequisites for solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of mechanical assembly production are presented, based on the creation of a new method and system for technological preparation of small-scale production in instrument engineering, which takes into account the dominant influence of assembly processes on the time and cost of instrument manufacturing. A new structure and sequence for the technological preparation of instrument production with a formalized relationship between machining and assembly production are proposed. A new model of an assembled product in instrument engineering has been developed, taking into account the labor intensity and specifics of assembly, adjustment, and control-measurement operations, as well as methods for automated design of technological assembly processes. Additionally, a functional model for forming the product structure based on the labor intensity of manufacturing assembly units is proposed, allowing for the formulation of a substantiated plan for the production of parts. A mathematical model of the assembly sequence has also been developed, enabling the construction of an assembly sequence considering organizational and technical factors.