This book assembles a global perspective on the challenges and opportunities to achieve environmental sustainability through biotechnology. The book highlights agenda for utilizing scientific knowledge including the use of beneficial microbes, and biotechnological approaches for combating key global issues related to environmental sustainability. Additionally, to evolve adaptive processes and mitigation approaches, certain novel insights on resilience mechanisms, sustainability principles, and bio-inputs are discussed. The book also showcases advanced technologies in the area of biotechnology, including use of microbes in biodegradation, bioremediation, sustainable agriculture and food security. This book is valuable for environmentalists, ecologists, policy makers and industrial entrepreneurs. The book is also a reference source for researchers, undergraduate and graduate students of the environment science and biotechnology fields.